Medical Terminology and Concepts Overview final

Prefix

Word element at the beginning of a word.

Cardiology

Medical specialty focused on heart diseases.

Diagnose

Determine the cause of a disease.

Prognosis

Prediction of disease course and outcome.

RNA

Ribonucleic acid, protein information carrier.

Metabol-

Root word meaning change in metabolism.

Diaphragm

Muscle separating abdominal and thoracic cavities.

Epidermis

Layer of skin above the dermis.

Synthesis

Process of building compounds from elements.

Etiology

Study of causes of diseases.

Cryosurgery

Use of cold to remove tissue.

Wheal

Elevation of skin, not a blister.

Intradermal

Injection within the dermis layer.

Subcutaneous

Layer beneath the skin.

Electr/o

Combining form for electricity.

Anabol-

Root word meaning to build up.

Catabol-

Root word meaning to break down.

Dermis

Inner layer of skin beneath the epidermis.

Ischemia

Reduced blood flow to a tissue.

Infarct

Tissue death due to lack of blood.

Cavities

Spaces within the body for organs.

Combining form

Word element used to create medical terms.

Etiology

Study of the cause of diseases.

Wheal

Elevation of skin, not fluid-filled.

Dermatitis

Inflammation of the skin.

Pruritus

Itching sensation on the skin.

Vesicles

Small fluid-filled blisters on skin.

Osteomalacia

Softening of bones due to vitamin D deficiency.

Bone Biopsy

Definitive test for diagnosing osteomalacia.

Detoxification

Process of removing toxins from the body.

Suffix -fication

Indicates the act of making or removing.

Osteogenic Sarcoma

Malignant tumor originating from bone cells.

Prefix tri-

Means three, as in triceps.

Supination

Rotating hand or forearm laterally.

Prefix quadri-

Means four, as in quadriceps.

HDL

High-density lipoprotein, known as good cholesterol.

Epicardium

Outermost layer of the heart.

Endocardium

Innermost layer of the heart.

Myocardium

Middle muscular layer of the heart.

Chordae Tendinae

Connective tissue connecting valves to muscles.

Phlebotomist

Specialist skilled in drawing blood.

Cardiologist

Physician specializing in heart care.

Physical Therapist

Treats muscular disorders and rehabilitation.

Urologist

Specializes in urinary system treatment.

Blood

Fluid that circulates in the body.

-emia

Suffix indicating a condition of the blood.

leuk/o

Root for white blood cells.

erythr/o

Root for red blood cells.

-cyte

Suffix meaning a cell.

-osis

Suffix indicating an abnormal condition.

mm3

Abbreviation for cubic millimeter.

spher/o

Combining form meaning sphere.

MDI

Metered dose inhaler for bronchodilators.

hypoxic

Condition of being deficient in oxygen.

fissure

Medical term meaning a split or crack.

flexure

Synonym for bend, especially in anatomy.

exocrine

Gland that secretes outwardly through ducts.

diaphragm

Muscle separating thoracic and abdominal cavities.

-ure

Suffix indicating a process.

brainstem

Part of the brain controlling vital functions.

PTSD

Post-traumatic stress disorder, caused by trauma.

athetosis

Abnormal condition of involuntary movements.

chronic migraines

Not a recognized cause of PTSD.

vital activities

Essential functions regulated by the brainstem.

abnormal condition

State deviating from normal health.

pyloric sphincter

Muscle controlling stomach exit to intestines.

hiatal hernia

Stomach protrusion through diaphragm.

circular flexures

Curved sections in the colon anatomy.

Athetosis

Slow, writhing, involuntary movements.

-osis

Suffix indicating a condition.

Brainstem

Controls vital activities in cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

PTSD

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, caused by traumatic events.

Tinnitus

Persistent ringing or noise in the ears.

Cataract

Complete or partial opacity of the lens.

Inner Ear

Contains organs responsible for balance.

-pathy

Suffix meaning disease.

Lethargic

Condition of being extremely drowsy.

Gluconeogenesis

Formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.

Urethra

Female urethra is shorter than male's.

Sphincter

Muscle band that encircles and controls openings.

E Coli

Bacteria that can invade the female urethra.

Vestibule

Part of the inner ear aiding balance.

Semicircular Canals

Three structures in the inner ear for balance.

Chronic Migraines

Not a cause of PTSD.

Vital Activities

Essential functions controlled by the brainstem.

Inflammation

Condition characterized by redness, heat, swelling.

Ambulate

To walk or move about.

Neurasthenia

Condition of fatigue and weakness.

Ophthalmia Neonatorum

Eye infection in newborns.

Otitis Externa

Outer ear infection.

Glaucoma

Increased pressure in the eye.

Urinary Tract Infection

Condition more common in women due to anatomy.

Female Urethra

Shorter than male's, increasing infection risk.

Sphincter

Muscle band that controls opening closure.

-itis

Suffix indicating inflammation in medical terms.

Seminal Vesicles

Glands located posterior to the urinary bladder.

Testes

Plural form of testis, male reproductive organ.

Orchiectomy

Surgical removal of a testis.

lei/o-

Root meaning smooth muscle.

Postpartum

Term referring to the period after childbirth.