Acid Base Chemistry and Alkanes Lecture

Flashcards on predicting reaction direction, acid-base strength, and Lewis acids/bases.

Weaker Partners

The side of a reaction that the equilibrium will favor, characterized by weaker acids and bases.

Conjugate Acid

The acid formed when a base accepts a proton.

Conjugate Base

The remaining substance after an acid donates a proton.

Bronsted-Lowry Acid

Species that donates a proton.

Bronsted-Lowry Base

Species that accepts a proton.

Curved Arrows

A method to visually represent the movement of electrons in a reaction mechanism.

Lewis Acid

Species that accepts an electron pair.

Lewis Base

Species that donates an electron pair.

Electrophile

Another term for something that would like to have pairs of electrons, meaning it has an available orbital to accept an electron pair

Nucleophile

Seeking out a nucleus to donate its electron pair onto.

Alkane

A hydrocarbon containing only single bonds between carbon atoms.

Aliphatic Hypercarbons

Acyclic hydrocarbons that only contain carbon and hydrogen single bonds.

Aromatic Hypercarbons

Hydrocarbons containing alternating arrays of double and single bonds in a ring.

Hydrocarbon

A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms

Covalent Bonds

A shared pair of electrons, where one electron comes from each atom in the bond.

Sigma Bond

Overlapping in an end on end arrangement as the most direct way to hold atoms together.

SP3 Hybridized

The carbon atoms are tetrahedral

Sigma bond

It relies on end on end or overlap as the most direct way to hold atoms together.

Alkene

A double bond is made up of a single bond and a pi bond

A triple bond is made up of a single bond and two pi bonds

Alkyne

Pi bond is weaker than sigma bond.

Because the orbitals are only overlapping side to side and not end on end.