cardiology disease disorder treatments

Anemia

disorder involving rbc or hemoglobin deficiency

Aplastic anemia

Disorder where bone marrow produces insufficient RBCs, WBCs, and platelets

Sickle cell anemia

Genetic disease where body makes crescent-shaped RBCs, disrupting blood flow

Thalassemia

Genetic disorder with reduced hemoglobin production

Aneurysm

Localized balloon dilation of an artery

Angina

Severe constriction or pressure in the chest; angina pectoris. False heart attack

Arrhythmia

Irregular heartbeat

Bradycardia

Slow heartbeat

Tachycardia

Fast heartbeat

ARTERIOsclerosis

Hardened artery walls

ATHEROsclerosis

Arterial plaque build up

Cardiomyopathy

Heart muscle disease

Congestive heart failure

Disease stemming from reduced heart blood flow; giving weakness, breathlessness, and edema.

Coronary Artery Disease or CAD

Narrowing of coronary arteries, giving an insufficient blood supply to the heart

Cyanosis

Blurple skin color from low oxygenated blood

Embolus

Mass travelling through blood and occluding a vessel

Endocarditis

Inflammation of the inner heart muscle layer

Heart murmur

Abnormal sound heard during auscultation. Harmless

Hypertension

High blood pressure

Hypotension

Low blood pressure

Mitral valve prolapse

Bicuspid valve closing improperly

Myocardial Infarction

Tissue death in the myocardium from blocked coronary arteries. Heart attack

Myocarditis

Inflammation of myocardium

Pericarditis

Inflammation of pericardium

Peripheral artery disease

Disease where narrowed arteries cause decreased flow to extremities, causing calf pain

Polycythemia

Bone marrow disorder that causes excessive production of RBCs

Shock

Syndrome where peripheral blood flow is insufficient in returning blood. Causes anxiety, and cool pale skin.

Thrombus

Blood clot forming on a vessel wall and staying attached there

Varicose vein

Twisted, enlarged, and superficial veins. Usually in the legs

Angiogram

Radiographic test using contrast and a camera to graph blood flow in arteries or veins

Auscultation

Process of listening to internal sound with stethoscope

Blood pressure

Pressure exerted by blood on the wall of artery or vein

Cardiac cathetereization

passage of tiny plastic tube into heart with body's blood vessel. Usually with the femoral artery. Diagnoses abnormalities.

Doppler ultrasound

procedure where blood flow and pressure are measured with ultrasound

Echocardiogram

Noninvasive diagnostic method using ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures

Electrocardiogram

Record of electrical activity in heart

Holter monitor

Machine recording cardiac rhythms worn for one to two days to diagnose arrhythmia

Type and crossmatch

Sample of donor and recipient blood mixed to check compatability

Positron emission tomography

Test using radioactive substance to find disease or poor blood flow in heart

Pulse

Rhythmic throbbing from heart contractions over major arteries

Stress test

Procedure testing how efficiently the heart pumps blood

Blood transfusion

Transfer of blood (or products) from donor to recipients

Cardioversion

Procedure where controlled shocks are sent to the heart to restore cardiac rhythm

Coronary artery bypass graft or CABG

a shunt established so blood travels directly from aorta to a coronary artery past obstructions

Defibrillation

Procedure to stop atrial or ventricular fibrillation (fast heart) by drugs or defribillator

Heart transplantation

Grafting a heart to a patient, from a braindead patient

Pacemaker

Electrical device implanted in thorax to control arrythmia using electricity

Antianginal

Drug that Prevents or helps with angina

Antiarrythmic

Drug that Prevents or alleviates arrhythmia

Anticoagulant

Drug that Prevents blood clots

Antihypertensive

Drug that Counteracts high blood pressure

Beta blocker

Drug that treats angina, high blood pressure, and arrhythmia

Diuretic

Drug that reduces excess body water

Thrombolytic

Drug that dissolves blood clots

Vasoconstrictor

Drug that Constricts blood vessels, increasing blood pressure

Vasodilator

Drug that dilates blood vessels, reducing blood pressure