Comprehensive Health Unit 4: Reproductive Health Study Guide

Define consent.

Agreeing in a voluntary and enthusiastic manner.

What are the components of semen?

The components of semen are sperm and fluid from the seminal vesicles, the prostate gland, and the cowpers gland.

What are the names of the reproductive cells/gametes?

The names of the reproductive cells/gametes are sperm (male) and egg cells (female).

What are the names of the reproductive glands?

The names of the reproductive glands are testis (male) and ovaries (female).

What are the names of the reproductive hormones?

The names of the reproductive hormones are testosterone (male) and estrogen and progesterone (female).

What is the function of the cervix?

The cervix dilates for childbirth (up to 10 cm) and has a protective layer of mucus that keeps bacteria out of the uterus.

What are the stages of development after fertilization?

The stages of development after fertilization are

1. Zygote

2. Blastocyst

3. Embryo

4. Fetus

Why does a woman not get her period when she is pregnant?

A woman does not get her period when she is pregnant because her endometrium is vital for housing the fetus.

What are the 3 necessary steps for pregnancy?

The 3 necessary steps for pregnancy are

1. Ovulation

2. Fertilization

3. Implantation

What is an ectopic pregnancy?

An ectopic pregnancy is a potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when a blastocyst implants outside the uterus (usually in a fallopian tube).

What is the function of the placenta?

The placenta is an organ attached to the uterus that provides oxygen and nutrients to the fetus as well as removes waste from the fetus.

What is the function of the umbilical cord?

The umbilical cord attaches or connects the fetus to the placenta.

What is the function of the amnion?

The amnion has 1-2 pints of fluid that surrounds the fetus inside the placenta and acts as a shock absorber to protect the fetus.

What are the reasons for a “c”-section?

Reasons for a “c”-section include

• The baby being too big.

• The dilation stage having taken too long, resulting in the mother not having energy to push.

• There being multiple babies (twins, triplets, or more).

• The mother being HIV-positive.

• The mother having an outbreak of genital herpes.

• The baby being in distress — low heart rate, positioned incorrectly (ex. feet first), the umbilical cord is wrapped around the neck.

What are examples of barrier birth control?

Examples of barrier birth control include

• Condoms

• Female condoms

• Diaphragms

• Dental dams

What are examples of hormonal birth control?

Examples of hormonal birth control include

• Pills

• Patches

• Nuva rings

• Depo-Provera shots

• Implants

• IUDs

• Emergency contraception/Morning After pills

What are examples of sterile birth control?

Examples of sterile birth control include

• Vasectomy

• Tubal ligation

What is the one form of birth control that can also prevent STDs?

The one form of birth control that can also prevent STDs is a condom, which is a type of barrier.

What are reasons a condom would not work?

Reasons a condom would not work include human errors such as putting a condom on wrong, using 2 condoms (stacking them), using an expired condom (dry, no lubrication), or keeping condoms in warm places (dry, no lubrication).

What are 3 ways hormonal birth control prevents pregnancy?

3 ways hormonal birth control prevents pregnancy are

1. Lack of ovulation.

2. Thickening of the mucus layer on the cervix prevents fertilization.

3. Thinning of the endometrium prevents implantation.

Why do vasectomies and tubal ligations cause infertility?

Vasectomies are the surgical cutting and sealing of the vas deferens, the passageway of sperm, the male reproductive cell.

Tubal ligations are the surgical cutting and sealing of the fallopian tubes, the passageway of the egg cells, the female reproductive cell.

What are common symptoms of STDs?

Common symptoms of STDs include

• Sores

• Flu-like symptoms

• Discharge

• Painful urination

• Itching

• Burning

Why are bacterial STDs curable? Why are viral STDs incurable?

Bacterial STDs are curable because they can be successfully treated with antibiotics.

Viral STDs are incurable because they can only be managed with treatment.

What are examples of bacterial STDs?

Examples of bacterial STDs include

• Syphilis

• Chlamydia

• Gonorrhea

What are examples of viral STDs?

Examples of viral STDs include

• Hepatitis B

• Herpes

• HIV

How often should you get tested for STDs when sexually active?

You should get tested for STDs every 6 months when sexually active.

Why do Herpes, Hepatitis B, and HIV all have flu-like symptoms?

Herpes, Hepatitis B, and HIV all have flu-like symptoms because like the flu, they are all viruses.

What are the 4 bodily fluids that transmit HIV?

The 4 bodily fluids that transmit HIV are

1. Blood

2. Semen

3. Vaginal Fluid

4. Breast Milk

What are the 4 body openings in which HIV can be transmitted?

The 4 body openings in which HIV can be transmitted are

1. Mouth

2. Genitals

3. Anus

4. Open sores

What are CD4-Cells?

CD4-Cells are cells part of the immune system.

What is the normal CD4-Cell count? What is the AIDS CD4-Cells count?

The normal CD4-Cell count is 1500.

The AIDS CD4-Cell count is less than 200.

What are methods to avoid being infected with HIV?

Methods to avoid being infected with HIV include

• Abstinence

• Condom usage

• PEP/PrEP

• Monogamy

What is PEP? What is PrEP?

PEP is to be taken after exposure to HIV.

PrEP is to be taken before sex to prevent the transmission of HIV.

What is Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)?

ART is for those HIV-positive. It strengthens the immune system and decreases the virus.