American YAWP Final Exam (CH. 23-29)

What was the relationship between the federal government and economic growth in the aftermath of World War II?

Federal spending created more economic growth

Which of the following enabled the rising purchase of consumer goods?

All of the Above

How did federal housing programs discriminate against Americans of color?

All of the above

What was the result of Brown v. Board of Education

All of the Above

Who first challenged segregation on buses?

Sarah Keys

Why was Emmett Till murdered?

Allegedly whistling at a white woman

What did the Civil Rights Act of 1957 accomplish?

Created a Civil Rights Commission in the Department of Justice to investigate claims of racial discrimination

Which of the following best describes the marketing techniques of early television executives?

Finding programming that would appeal to the widest possible audience

What groups experienced the increased fertility rates associated with the baby boom?

Wealthy Americans from all racial backgrounds

What was the name of the 1950s counterculture that rejected the values of conformity and domesticity?

Beats

The churches most common in suburban America tended most frequently celebrated which of the following cultural values?

Economic individualism

Who were the "Brass Hats?"

The leadership of the National Association of Manufacturers who created advertising campaigns supporting free enterprise.

Which of the following right wing think tanks were created in the first decade following WWII?

Both of these

What is the name of the University of Chicago economist who helped to develop the intellectual position of libertarian economics?

Milton Friedman

Congressional opposition from which faction plagued Dwight D. Eisenhower's administration?

Both

What was the first military action taken by the United States against international communism?

American soldiers fought against the Red Army during the Russian civil war

Greece and Turkey were early flashpoints in the Cold War. How did the United States respond to unrest in Greece and Turkey in 1947?

The United States sent $400 million to both nations to be used in resisting communism

What was the purpose of the Marshall Plan?

All of the above

When was the Atlantic Charter issued?

Before the United States entered World War II

What was the message of NSC-68?

A call for tripling of the annual defense budget for the purpose of stopping communism

Who first advocated the policy of containment?

George Kennan

Why was Douglas MacArthur removed from command?

He was publicly insubordinate to the Commander in Chief

How did President Eisenhower attempt to prevent a Soviet Attack on the United States

By promising "massive retaliation" and appealing to the logic of "mutually-assured destruction"

Which of the following nations were not a part of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)?

Sweden

Which of the following advantages did the Soviet Union achieve during the Cold War?

All of the above

Joseph McCarthy first achieved national prominence in February 1950 by waving a piece of paper that he claimed included 205 communists currently working in what capacity?

Members of the Department of State

Which of the following most accurately describes religious commitment during the early Cold War years?

All of the above

Why did the United States fail to help more of the decolonization independence movements during the 1940s - 1970s?

The Cold War alliance with Western Europe led the United States to support many colonial powers

Why was the "loss" of China to communism so upsetting to Americans?

All of the above

All of the following events related to the Korean War are true EXCEPT

An armistice was never officially signed

What percent of Americans were investing in the stock market prior to the crash?

2.5%

Which group of Americans benefitted the least from the economic changes of the 1920s?

Southern farmers

What was the consequence of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff of 1930?

International trade collapsed

How did the Federal Reserve respond to the financial collapse?

Overcorrected by raising interest rates and tightening credit

What is the definition of Herbert Hoover's "Associationalism?"

A system where businesses would voluntarily limit harmful business practices for the greater economic good

What was the Bonus Army?

A group of World War I veterans who petitioned the government to make an early payment on bonuses scheduled to be released in 1945

The environmental catastrophe of the Great Depression was partly the result of agricultural mismanagement. Which of the following was the most consequential example of this mismanagement?

Farmers plowed up natural ground cover to grow more crops, cover that had taken ages to form in the relatively dry sates of the Plains

Which of the following statements regarding immigration during the Great Depression is true?

More people left the United States than entered it during the Great Depression

Upon assuming office, how did Roosevelt respond to the collapsing bank system?

Declared a bank holiday and then pushed through the Emergency Banking Act

Roosevelt tried to create relief for American farmers through the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA). What did the AAA do?

Aimed to raise the prices of agricultural commodities by offering cash incentives to voluntarily limit farm production, thereby increasing prices

What did the Works Progress Administration do?

Put unemployed men and women to work on projects designed and proposed by local governments

What was the most dramatic result of the 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act?

The creation of a national minimum wage

Louisiana Senator Huey long criticized Roosevelt's New Deal programs for _____________

Failing to redistribute wealth

Which of the following actions did FDR take to advance civil rights for African Americans?

None of these occurred

What was FDR's "court-packing scheme"

An attempt to appoint up to six new justices who would be friendly to his interests

Who organized the first sit-ins?

Students

How did the first freedom ride end?

Angry mobs composed of KKK members attacked the riders in Birmingham, Alabama and burned one of the buses and beat the activists who escaped

The Albany Movement, centered in Albany, Georgia, drew on Christian commitments to social justice and united all of the following Civil Rights groups EXCEPT

The Southern Baptist Convention

President Johnson proposed the Voting Rights Act of 1965 partially in response to what event in Selma, Alabama

"Bloody Sunday," the beating of peaceful marchers by police officers

In the mid-1960s, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) experienced a transformation. This transformation included all of the following EXCEPT

Merging with the Black Panther Party

The Civil Rights Act of 1968 focused on what primary issue

Outlawing discrimination in housing

The 1968 Democratic National Convention included massive protests and violent reprisals by police. Where did this convention meet?

Chicago

Advertisers in the 1960s innovated by beginning to emphasize which of the following traits as a means of selling products?

All of the above

Which group first promoted the idea that drug use could remedy feelings of alienation?

Scientists

The National Indian Youth Council (NIYC) differed from the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) because the NIYC

Employed direct action tactics and more combative rhetoric

Betty Friedan's Feminine Mystique focused on what primary issue

Feelings of dissatisfaction with life as a housewife

What was the subject of Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring?

Environmental dangers of pesticides

What did Lyndon Johnson call his domestic program?

Great Society

The cornerstone of Lyndon Johnson's War on Poverty was which program?

Community Action

What caused the Cuban Missile Crisis?

All of the Above

How did the United States respond to the independence movement in Vietnam?

Opposed Vietnamese independence and supported French attempts to retain its colonial control

All of the following are true about the Gulf of Tonkin incident and the ensuing resolution EXCEPT

The Johnson administration distorted the incident to provide a pretext for escalating American involvement in Vietnam

What happened at My Lai?

U.S. troops massacred hundreds of civilians

What was the intention of the War Powers Resolution?

Reduce the president's ability to wage war without congressional consent

Roe v. Wade, the court case that legalized abortion hinged on what legal idea?

Right of privacy

The Stonewall incident that catalyzed the gay rights movement occurred when __________

Bar patrons in New York City protested a police raid

Who was the leader of the movement to stop the Equal Rights Amendment?

Phylis Schlafly

The Kerner Commission explained urban riots as the result of which of the following

Black frustration with the hopelessness of urban poverty

Black frustration with the hopelessness of urban poverty

More and more saw poverty from the failure of individuals to take full advantage of the American system

All of the following led to the economic development of the Sun Belt EXCEPT

A resurgence in southern agriculture

What was the "Nixon Doctrine?"

A military policy of détente

What initially sparked the 1973 energy crisis?

OPEC's embargo of oil exports to the United States in retaliation for American intervention in the Middle East

What was the primary political issue that Carter used in his presidential campaign?

Carter's campaign focused less on issues than on his background as a hardworking, honest, Southern Baptist southerner

Which of the following resulted from American commitments to free trade?

The relocation of American manufacturing overseas

What was the primary guiding principle of Carter's foreign policy during his early years in office?

Human Rights

Which of the following phrases best describes "Reagan Democrats?"

Blue-collar voters who lost faith in the liberal creed

How did racism influence the growth of the modern Republican Party?

Democrats took the lead in passing civil rights legislation, pushing many white Americans toward the Republican Party

The Religious Right built a powerful coalition that united conservative evangelicals with what other influential voting group?

Conservative Catholics

How did Jimmy Carter respond to the economic crises of the late 1970s?

Using approaches championed by conservatives including deregulation, spending cuts, and tax cuts

How did Ronald Reagan win over the Religious Right?

Denouncing abortion and prayer in schools

How did Reagan's first budget immediately impact the national debt?

The national debt increased dramatically

All of the following aspects of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 are true EXCEPT:

Increased federal revenues

Thirty-seven year old white engineer, Bernard Goetz shot and seriously wounded four black teenagers on a subway car because he suspected the young men-armed with screwdrivers- planned to rob him. What percentage of white New Yorkers sympathized with Goetz?

90%

Which of the following industries experienced the most economic growth under Reagan?

Financial Services

Why was the federal government slow to respond to the AIDS crisis?

The issue disproportionately affected gay Americans, a marginalized group

Which of the following best describes the "Reagan Doctrine?

The United States committed to supplying aid to anti-communist forces everywhere in the world

Which of the following statements regarding the Iran Contra Affair are true?

The goal was to raise money to support the anti-Sandinista government in Nicaragua

Which leader of the Soviet Union advocated the projects of glasnost and perestroika?

Mikhail Gorbachev

The presidential election of 1984 convinced the Democratic Party that its future lied with what group?

Upwardly mobile professionals and suburbanites

The Dow Jones Industrial Average-which stood at 950 in 1981-reached _______ by the end of Reagan's second term.

2,239

Before turning to military expansionism, Japanese leaders were also considering which of the following strategies?

Pan-Asian anti-colonialism

Which of the following statements are true regarding Soong May-ling, known to the public as Madame Chiang?

Her American education made her an effective diplomat in Chinese-American relations.

Hitler and Mussolini helped to topple which government in Spain?

Communists

Britain and France declare war on Germany after which invasion?

Invasion of Poland

Which of the following best characterized German military tactics?

Speed and maneuverability

Why did Hitler stop the Blitz in June 1941?

Germany needed the resources of the Luftwaffe to invade the Soviet Union

Roughly ___________ of all German casualties in World War II came in the battle against the Soviet Union.

80%

The United States responded to Japanese aggression in the Pacific with the 1940 American Neutrality Act. What did this Act attempt to do?

Applying economic pressure to Japan to deter military expansion.

Which Allied nation was the first to reach Berlin?

Soviet Union

After the Victory in Europe, the United States suffered a setback in the Pacific. What was the setback?

The surrender of American forces in the Phillipines.