Spread of Protestantism Key Terms

Henry VIII

King of England that Catholic Church because he wanted to remarry and have a son with his next wife (did this multiple times). He also dissolved the English monasteries giving him lots of land and money.

Catherine of Aragon

King Henry VIII’s wife, who he broke with the Catholic Church to divorce (annul their marriage) after she failed to produce him a son

Arthur (Tudor)

Prince of Whales (England), Older brother of Henry VIII, Catherine of Aragon was his wife before Henry VIII married her.

Mary Tudor

Brief Queen of England that restored Roman Catholicism, Married Phillip II of Spain (son of Charles V, was not a popular marriage), executed many Protestants.

Anne Boleyn

Henry VIII’s second wife, Hanry VIII boke with the Catholic Church to be able to marry her after his annulled marriage with Catherine of Aragon.

Thomas More

Writer of Utopia, opposed Henry VIII taking supreme head of the Church, was beheaded because of this.

Jane Seymour

Henry VIII’s third wife gave Henry his son Edward but died shortly after childbirth.

Edward VI

Brief ruler of England, Protestant ideas were exerted effectively and influenced religious life in the country, died at 15.

Thomas Cromwell

Chief minister of Henry VIII, under his influence Henry placed an English bible in every church, reformed and centralized the King’s household, the council, the secretariats and the exchequer.

Pilgrimage of Grace

opposition and massive rebellion of the change to Protestantism in England in 1536 in the North, the pilgrims accepted a truce, but their leaders were arrested, tried, and executed.

Pale

The area in Ireland around Dublin that the English had firm control of.

Book of Common Prayer

Prepared the first by Thomas Cranmer, a book of services and prayers, later approved by Parliament.

Philip II

Spain, cousin and Husband off Mary Tudor, Catholic, son of Emperor Charles V, hoped his marriage to Mary would reunite England with Catholicism backed the conspiracy to under Elizabeth or England, prepared the Spanish Armada (defeated).

Puritan

Returning exiles that wanted all Catholic elements to be eliminated from the Church of England because they wanted to purify the church.

Mary Queen of Scots (Stuart)

Threatened the Protestant reign of Elizabeth by trying to reinstate Catholicism, Elizabeth’s cousin (Catholic), next in line to English throne, imprisoned by Elizabeth, in the plot to assassinate Elizabeth and take the throne.

John Calvin

Born in Noyon, France, converted to Protestantism after a religious crisis, believed he was selected by God to reform the Church, saw people as insignificant before the infinite power of God (humans did not have free will: predestination) believed God already chose who would be saved or not from the beginning, cannot actively work to achieve salvation.

Institutes of the Christian Religion

Written by Calvin and published first in 1536, then again in 1559. A book of his ideas.

Predestination

The teaching that God has determined the salvation or damnation of individuals based on his will and purpose, not on their merit or works (seen by outsiders as pessimistic)

Presbyterian

regional elected bodies that had some authority over problems in the Calvinist Church. Calvinist Church served as a model for the Presbyterian Chruch in Scotland.

Huguenot

French Calvinists (_____ Church in France inspired by Calvinist Church)

John Knox

Big part in reform movement, brought Calvinism to Scotland

Jan Hus

Many Czech people adopted his ideas, emperors had to recognize a separate Hussite Church (before the reformation), made the area easier to persuade towards Protestantism

Magyar

Hungarian