Bone Composition and Functions

These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to bone composition and functions as discussed in the lecture.

Skeletal System

Composed of bone, cartilage, joints, and ligaments.

Cartilage

A flexible connective tissue that can spring back to its original shape after compression.

Compact Bone

A type of bone with a calcified matrix and collagen fibers.

Spongy Bone

Bone that contains spaces for vasculature and bone marrow.

Osteo

A prefix referring to bone tissue.

Structural Support

A primary function of bones, providing support for the body and its cavities.

Protection

Bones protect internal organs such as the brain and thoracic organs.

Movement

Bones enable movement by serving as levers for muscles.

Storage

Bones store calcium, phosphate, growth factors, and triglycerides.

Blood Cell Formation

Hematopoiesis occurs within cavities of certain bones, producing blood cells from red marrow.

Axial Skeleton

The part of the skeleton comprising the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage.

Appendicular Skeleton

Bones of the upper and lower limbs and girdles attaching limbs to the axial skeleton.

Long Bone

A bone that is longer than it is wide, such as the humerus.

Flat Bone

A bone that is thin and flat, such as the sternum.

Irregular Bone

A bone with a complex shape, such as the vertebrae.

Short Bone

A bone that is approximately equal in length and width, such as the talus.

Periosteum

Connective tissue that wraps the outer surface of bones, with an outer fibrous layer.

Endosteum

A thin membrane lining the medullary cavity of bones.

Osteon

The structural unit of compact bone, also known as the Haversian system.

Lacunae

Small cavities in bone that contain osteocytes.