Language of Medicine- Ch12: Respiratory System

Vocabulary words related to the Respiratory System, including anatomy, pathology, and tests/procedures

adenoid/o

adenoids

alveol/o

alveolus, air sac

bronch/o

bronchial tube, bronchus

bronchi/o

bronchial tube, bronchius

capn/o

carbon dioxide

coni/o

dust

cyan/o

Blue

epiglott/o

epiglottis

laryng/o

Larynx, voice box

lob/o

lobe of the lung

mediastin/o

mediastinum

nas/o

nose

orth/o

straight, upright

ox/o

oxygen

pector/o

chest

pharyng/o

pharynx, throat

phon/o

voice

phren/o

diaphragm

pleur/o

pleura

pneum/o

air, lung

pneumon/o

air, lung

pulmon/o

lung

rhin/o

nose

sinus/o

sinus, cavity

spir/o

breathing

tel/o

complete

thorac/o

chest

tonsill/o

tonils

trache/o

trachea, windpipe

-ema

condition

-osmia

smell

-pnea

breathing

-ptysis

spitting

-sphyxia

pulse

-thorax

pleural cavity, chest

auscultation

listening to sounds within the body

percussion

tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure

pleural rub

scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other

rales (crackles)

fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation when there is fluid in the alveoli

rhonchi

loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum

sputum

material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting

stridor

strained, high pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx/larynx

wheezes

continuous high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx/larynx

croup

acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, accompanied by barking cough and stridor

diphtheria

acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium

epistaxis

nosebleed

pertussis

whooping cough

asthma

chronic inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial and bronchiolar edema and constriction

bronchiectasis

chronic dilayion of a bronchus, usually secondary to infection

chronic bronchitis

inflammation of bronchi perisisting over a long time

cystic fibrosis

inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thic mucinous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally

atelectasis

collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli

emphysema

hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls

lung cancer

malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi

pneumoconiosis

abnormal lung condition caused by expossure to certain dust, along with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis

pneumonia

acute inflammation and infection of alveoli

pulmonary abscess

large collection of pus in the lungs

pulmonary edema

fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles

pulmonary embolism

clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung

pulmonary fibrosis

formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs

sarcoidosis

chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs

tuberculosis

infectious disease that can affect the lungs and other organs

mesothelioma

rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura

pleural effusion

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space

pleurisy (pleuritis)

inflammation of the pleura

pneumothorax

collection of air in the pleural ppace

chest x-ray

radiographic image of the thoracic cavity

CT scan of the chest

computer-generated series of x-ray images show thoracic structures in cross section and other planes

MRI of the chest

Magnetic waves create detailed images of the chest in frontal, lateral, and cross-sectional planes

PET scan of the lung

radioactive glucose is injected, and images reveal metabolic activity of the lungs

Ventilation-perfusion scan

Detection device records radioactivity in the lung after intravenous injection of a radioisotope and inhalation of a small amount of radioactive gas.

bronchoscopy

Fiberoptic endoscope examination of the bronchial tubes

endotracheal intubation

Placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway

laryngoscopy

Visual examination of the voice box

lung biopsy

removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic examination

mediastinoscopy

endoscopic visual examination of the mediastinum

Pulmonary function tests

Tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs ( airway function, lung volume, and the capacity of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide effiiciently.

thoracentesis

Needle is inserted into pleural space to remove excess fluid

thoracotomy

large surgical incision of the chest

thoracoscopy

large surgical incision of the chest

tracheostomy

surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck

tuberculin test

determines past or present tuberculous exposure based on a positive skin reaction

tube thoracostomy

flexible, plastic chest tube is passed into the pleural space through an opening in the chest