Imperialism and WWI (US History)

How much money did Germany have to pay to the Allies in reparations (in American dollars)?

$33 billion

The harshness of the Treaty of Versailles eventually led to....

WWII

What are reparations?

Making amends for wrong doing by paying money

This country was blamed entirely for WW1.

German empire

List three weaknesses of the Treaty of Versailles.

1. Humiliated Germany

2. Russia felt ignored by the big 4

3. Stripped colonial possessions form germany making them unable to pay back their debt

This was a weapon used for the first time during WW1 which allowed for rapid firing & is one of the reasons the death toll was so high in WWI

Machine guns

A telegram sent by the Germans to Mexico & intercepted by British agents encouraging Mexico to start a war with the U.S. along our southern border. This telegram angered the United States & was one of many reasons we decided to join the war.

Zimmerman note

“I am not for war, I am for peace. This is why I am for the supreme Navy. The supremacy of the British Navy is the best security for the peace of the world.”
–British Admiral Jackie Fisher This quote is an example of which long-term cause of WWI?

Militarism

U.S. Senator Henry Cabot Lodge made a speech in
August of 1919 about his feelings on the creation of The August of 1919 about his feelings on the creation of The League of Nations. Below is an excerpt. Based on the League of Nations. Below is an excerpt. Based on the excerpt, does Cabot Lodge support or not support the excerpt, does Cabot Lodge support or not support the creation of The League of Nations? creation of The League of Nations? -”...I have never had but one allegiance; I cannot divide it-”...I have never had but one allegiance; I cannot divide it now. I have loved but one flag and I cannot share that now. I have loved but one flag and I cannot share that devotion and give affection to the mongrel banner devotion and give affection to the mongrel banner invented for a league...National I must remain and in that invented for a league...National I must remain and in that way, I, like all other Americans, can render the amplest way, I, like all other Americans, can render the amplest service to the world.” “The United States is the world’s service to the world.” “The United States is the world’s best hope...for if we stumble and fall, freedom and mbest hope...for if we stumble and fall, freedom a

Does not support the league of nations

Senator Gilbert Hitchcock gave a speech in August of 1919 about The League of Nations. Based on these excerpts, didabout The League of Nations. Based on these excerpts, did he support or not support The League of Nations? he support or not support The League of Nations?

“...Humanity is not willing to sacrifice itself further, that men“...Humanity is not willing to sacrifice itself further, that men and women demand of their government that as the fruit of and women demand of their government that as the fruit of this terrible war an agreement shall be entered into for this terrible war an agreement shall be entered into for the preservation of world peace in the future...a world in which preservation of world peace in the future...a world in which the affairs of nations are to be administered in justice and the affairs of nations are to be administered in justice and reason and humanity. A world in which the chief affairs of reason and humanity. A world in which the chief affairs of government shall be peace and development and progress. government shall be peace and development and progress. The confidence of men in government has been shaken. The confidence of men in government has been shaken. It will never be restored until governments devise some way will never be restored until governments devise way500

Supports the league of nations

With the outbreak of WWI in 1914, how did the great majority of Americans feel about the war (did they want to enter the war to support the Allied Powers, enter the war to support the Central Powers, or stay out of the war)?

America wanted to stay out of it

How did the U.S. government raise 2/3 the money it needed for the war?

• War bonds

• 1/3 of money through taxes

President Wilson said “it is not just an army we must shape & train for war, it is
a nation.” The U.S. government sees the American public as consumers and the war must be marketed to them so a massive propaganda campaign ensues.
Define propaganda.

Biased information designed to shape public opinion and behavior.

What did the United States do to convince the American public that we should be fighting in the war?

Propoganda posters

What were the 2 primary strategies, or aspects, of the U.S. propaganda
campaign?

1. Promoted patriotism

2. manufactured hate towards enemy

The purpose of the __________ was to encourage companies to use mass production & to eliminate waste

War industries board

Give an example of something specific Americans did to
conserve materials/goods/food for

• Daylight savings

• rationed food

• Americans shifted 10% of their food consumption during the war

Name a conservation measure started during WW1 which still exists
today.

Daylight savings

Americans were expected to fly American flags on their homes, buy Liberty Bonds to help pay for the war, and do other things to show their patriotism. How did we get Americans to do things things (what tactics were used to achieve compliance)?

Shame and coercion

• If you didn’t buy liberty bonds your name was published in the newspaper

• Teacher would pass pledges to students that parents were forced to sign or else they would be shamed.

The Treaty of Versailles created 9 new European countries. List 5 of the 9 newly formed countries

Estonia, Lithuania, Hungary, Austria, Poland, Finnland, Czechoslovakia

The Industrial Revolution paved the way for many advances in weapons and
warfare used in The Great War. ___________ is warfare that relies on machines powered by gas and diesel engines.

Mechanized warfare

The song “Over There” was very popular during WWI in America. The
song references “the pond”-what body of water is the pond?

Atlantic Ocean

What effect did the Schenck v. United States & the Espionage & Sedition Acts have on Americans rights (expanded rights, limited rights like freedom of speech, or made no difference)?

Limited peoples rights

Neutral ships will also incur danger in the war region, where, in view of the misuse of neutral flags region, where, in view of the misuse of neutral flags
ordered by the British Government, and incidents inevitable ordered by the British Government, and incidents inevitable in sea warfare, attacks intended for hostile ships may affect in sea warfare, attacks intended for hostile ships may affect neutral ships also.neutral ships also.
-German Declaration of Naval Blockade –February 4, 1915-German Declaration of Naval Blockade –February 4, 1915
Based on this quote, what strategy, which President Based on this quote, what strategy, which President Woodrow Wilson objected to was Germany enlisting?

Unrestricted submarine warfare

____________ was used by both sides during the
war. It could lead to blistered skin, lungs, blindness & death

Poisonous gas

Identify locations 1 and 2 on the map (in order)

Cuba and Puerto Rico

Identify locations 3 on the map (Something we acquired from winning the Spanish American War)

Philippines

Who is this political cartoon depicting and what is he building?

Teddy Roosevelt is digging the Panama Canal

The 29th century term “The White Man’s Burden” was popular among European imperial powers. Explain the concept.

That White men have the responsibility of helping those lower than them (Racial and ethic supremacy)

This political cartoon portrays Teddy Roosevelt and his “Big Stick Diplomacy.” An example of Big Stick Diplomacy was sending the _______ on a tour of the world to buzz coastlines of other countries to flex muscles?show our strength to other

The Great White Fleet

The spark (short-term cause) that started WWI was

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Many Soldiers who fought in WWI suffered from _______, a complete emotional collapse, which we call PTSD

Shell Shock

List three countries that were part of the Central Powers (remember that is the name given to one of the sides DURING the war)

German Empire, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire

Austria-Hungary was a member of which alliance (remember alliances pre-existed the war)

Triple Alliance

List and explain one of the four man long-term causes of WWI

1. Militarism

2. Alliances

3. Imperialism: Countries expanding and acquiring new territories

4. Nationalism

Why was it important for the United States to take control of Puerto Rico

Was an outlet for excess manufactured goods, as well as a key naval station in the Caribbean

For the first time in a war Germans employed the use of _____ in the water.

U-Boats

Who created the Fourteen Point Peace Plan?

President Woodrow Wilson

These two acts fined and sentenced people to jail for being disloyal or criticizing the U.S. government

Espionage and Sedition acts

What was the key component to Wilson’s Fourteen Pointed Peace Plan (14th point)

League of Nations

This was passed in May 1917 in an effort to get more men enlisted in the U.S. military.

Selective Service Act

During WWI in America German measles were known as liberty measles, Dachshunds were stoned to death, German sounding towns and streets were….

Anti-German/ Anti-Immigrant Hysteria

• People didn’t like the germans b/c they blamed them for the war

The group of 75,000 volunteer men who would deliver a war related speech, song, or poem anytime, anyplace in an effort to get people to buy liberty/war/victory bonds and encourage patriotism

4-minute men

What is one reason that the United States pursued imperialism around the turn of the century?

1. Political competition

2. Economic Competition

The War Industries Board was created to make sure the industries had everything needed to step up wartime production. What was one unexpected effect the War Industries Board had on fashion in the United States?

Women started to stop wearing corsets because it had steel which could be used to make battleships

The countries that made up the Triple Entente (alliance before the war) would go on to fight as the _____ (during the war)

Allied powers

This was a common problem for soldiers who fought in the trenches. It could result in lost appendages.

Trench foot

By portraying Germany as monsters that will do terrible things to American women if they come to the United States, what action is this propaganda poster encouraging American men to take?

To enlist in the military

Identify location/country #1

German Empire

List and explain another one of the four main long-term causes of WWI

Militarism: development of armed forces and their use as a tool of diplomacy