The Roman Empire Part #2

How did the Law of Nations arise?

Because special rules were often needed.

What was the Law of Nations?

Natural law, or universal law based on reason.

How did the Law of Nations impact the society?

Enabled them to establish standards of justice that applied to everyone.

Principle #1

A person was regarded innocent until proven otherwise.

Principle #2

People accused of wrongdoing were allowed to defend themselves before a judge.

Principle #3

A judge was expected to weigh evidence carefully before arriving at a decision.

Carthage

Founded by the Phoenicians around 800 BC, it's on the coast of North Africa.

Carthage characteristics.

Largest and richest state in the area.

What caused the Romans to become frightened?

The fact that the powerful Carthaginians were present in Sicily.

When did the First Punic War begin?

264 BC

When the Romans first sent an army to Sicily...

The Carthaginians thought that it was an act of war.

What land was wanted during the First Punic War?

Sicily

Who won the First Punic War?

Romans

What did the Romans need in order to win the war?

A large fleet because they knew they needed a navy to win.

What did Carthage do in order to make up for the loss of the First Punic War?

Added new lands to Spain.

When did the Second Punic War take place?

218 BC-201 BC

How did the Second Punic War start?

The Romans encouraged one of Carthage's allies to revolt, which caused Hannibal to strike back against the Romans.

Who was Hannibal?

The Carthaginian emperor.

Where did Hannibal's father take him when he was a boy?

A temple to swear that he would always hate the Romans.

Where did Hannibal decide where he would meet the Romans?

In Rome.

What happened to Carthage's war elephants?

They died when crossing the Alps.

Where did the Romans decide where they would meet the Carthaginians?

Head-on.

What happened at Cannae?

Hannibal's forces destroyed the Romans.

Were the Romans eventually able to recover?

Yes, and they pushed the Carthaginians out of Spain.

The brilliant military initiate by Rome in the Second Punic War.

Rome invaded Carthage instead of fighting Hannibal in Spain.

What happened at the Battle of Zama?

The Romans defeated the Carthaginians, and the war fully ended.

What did Hannibal do to avoid capture?

He consumed poison.

What did Cato believe?

That Carthage should be fully destroyed.

Who won the Third Punic War in 146 BC?

Romans

What were the Carthaginian survivors used for?

Slavery

Carthage turned into a Roman province which then turned into...

Africa

What happened in 148 BC?

Rome overcame Macedonia.

Who became the new governing body of Rome after the three wars?

Senate

Who made up the Senate?

Powerful and wealthy families.

What happened to the farmers after the Senate took control?

They lost money and land due to not being able to compete with the wealthy.