FIS420 Integrated Science - Week 1: What is Science and Energy

Flashcards covering key scientific concepts, branches of science, units, scientific method, scientific diagrams, potential and kinetic energy, energy forms, and Australian energy sources.

What is science according to the lecture notes?

Science is the knowledge about the natural world through observation and experimentation.

Which three subjects are described as foundational to understanding all sciences?

Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics (Maths).

How is Natural Science divided according to the provided classification diagram?

Natural Science is divided into Physical Science (Physics, Chemistry, Earth Science) and Life Science (Biology, Human Biology, Botany).

What subfields make up Formal Science in the provided classification diagram?

Mathematics, Logic, and Statistics.

What subfields make up Applied Science in the provided classification diagram?

Medicine, Engineering, and Computing and IT.

How does the lecture note define Chemistry?

Chemistry is the study of composition, behaviour, structure, and properties of matter.

How does the lecture note define Physics?

Physics is the study of matter, motion, energy and force.

How does the lecture note define Ecology?

Ecology is the study of the relationship between living organisms and their environmental interaction.

What is the difference between an object and a property in measurement?

An object is anything that can be seen or touched and can be any size, whereas properties are the qualities and characteristics of a substance used to identify and describe it.

What is the International System of Units (SI)?

SI is the modern form of the metric system, consisting of seven base units.

What are the five steps of the Scientific Method listed in the lecture?

1) Make observations, 2) Ask a question, 3) Generate hypothesis, 4) Test hypothesis, and 5) Draw a conclusion.

What are the four main steps in The Scientific Process flowchart?

Plan, Conduct, Process, and Evaluate.

What rules must be followed when drawing a proper scientific diagram?

A scientific diagram should contain an explanatory title at the top, be computer-generated (single-line drawing), be in black and white, not be shaded or filled, have straight leader lines for labels, and include measurements or scales where appropriate.

What is the apparatus shown in Figure 6 of the diagram examples?

A simplified form of Endochronic filter.

What is the difference between safety issues and ethical issues in scientific research?

Safety issues involve physical harm anticipated before experimentation (rectified before experimentation to reduce harm), whereas ethical issues involve psychological harm anticipated during experimentation (requiring informed consent and the right to withdraw).

What is a scientific law according to the lecture notes?

A scientific law is descriptive, describing how things act without dictating their behavior, and can be expressed as a graph, an equation, or a written concept.

How is potential energy defined, and what is its formula for gravitational potential energy?

Potential energy is energy stored due to physical position, electrical charge, or chemical composition (energy of position), calculated as $PE = mgh$.

What formula defines kinetic energy, and what is its unit of measurement?

Kinetic energy is defined by $KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2$ and is measured in joules ($J$).

What are the seven forms of energy detailed in the lecture notes?

Mechanical energy, Chemical energy, Radiant energy, Electrical energy, Nuclear energy, Solar energy, and Sound energy.

What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?

Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can be converted from one form to another, but the total energy remains constant.

According to the 2015 energy consumption chart for Australia, what are the primary energy sources and their percentages?

Petroleum and other liquids (38\text{\textpercent}), coal (32\text{\textpercent}), natural gas (24\text{\textpercent}), other renewables (5\text{\textpercent}), and hydroelectricity (1\text{\textpercent}).