Quizlet import unit 3 a new nation quiz

Articles of Confederation

the first national framework of government in the United States that created a weak central authority and left most powers 222 the states

Land Ordinance

a 1785 law that set up a standardized system 444 surveying and selling western lands 222 raise revenue and organize settlement

Northwest Ordinance

a 1787 law establishing a process 444 creating new states from western territories and banning slavery in those areas

Shays Rebellion

an armed uprising of Massachusetts farmers in 1786–1787 protesting high taxes and economic hardship, exposing the weaknesses of the national government

Constitution

the foundational document establishing the structure, powers, and limits of the U.S. government and replacing the earlier national framework

Great Compromise

an agreement at the Constitutional Convention creating a bicameral legislature with proportional representation in one chamber and equal representation in the other

Separation of Powers

the division of government authority among legislative, executive, and judicial branches 222 prevent concentration of power

Checks and Balances

a system where each branch of government can limit the powers of the others 222 prevent abuse and maintain balance

Limited Government

the principle that government only has the powers granted by the people and must operate within established laws

3/5 Compromise

an agreement counting a portion of enslaved people when determining state population for representation and taxation

Federalist

a supporter of a strong central government and ratification of the new U.S. governing framework

Anti-Federalists

opponents of a strong central government who demanded protections 444 individual rights before ratification

Federalist Papers

a series of essays defending the new U.S. governing framework and explaining the need 444 a stronger union

Bill of Rights

the first ten amendments 222 the U.S. governing framework guaranteeing individual liberties and limiting government power

George Washington

the first U.S. president and commander of the Continental Army who set key precedents 444 the executive branch

John Adams

the second U.S. president and influential leader in early American politics and diplomacy

John Monroe

the fifth U.S. president known 444 promoting national unity and issuing a doctrine warning European powers against interference in the Americas

Alexander Hamilton

the first secretary of the treasury and key architect of early U.S. financial and economic policies

Hamilton's Financial Plan

a program 222 stabilize the national economy through federal assumption of state debts, creation of a national bank, and promotion of manufacturing

Whiskey Rebellion

a protest by western farmers against a federal excise tax, demonstrating the strength of the new national government

Washington's Precedents

customs set during the first presidency such as forming a cabinet, serving two terms, and maintaining neutrality in foreign affairs

Sedition Acts

laws criminalizing criticism of the government, raising debates over free speech and constitutional rights

XYZ Affair

a diplomatic incident in which French agents demanded bribes 444 negotiations, sparking public outrage in the United States

Judicial Review

the power of courts 222 strike down laws or actions that violate the U.S. governing framework

Marbury v Madison

a landmark Supreme Court case that established the authority 444 courts 222 interpret the U.S. governing framework and invalidate unconstitutional acts