AP EURO UNIT 10: LATE 1700s-MID 1800s INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Agricultural Revolution

Development of new farming methods and technologies increasing food output

Capital

Tools aiding efficient production of goods and raw materials

Cotton Gin

Invention separating cotton seeds from fibers, enhancing clothes making

Water Frame

Water-powered invention spinning cotton into yarn, advancing clothes making

Spinning Jenny

Machine-powered invention spinning wool or cotton into yarn efficiently

Samuel Crompton's Mule

Invention combining spinning jenny and water frame properties for textile production

Power Loom

Machine for weaving cloth at a faster rate, enhancing fabric making

Flying Shuttle

Invention for power loom, weaving cloth efficiently by moving back and forth

James Watt

Scottish engineer who invented the steam engine, revolutionizing transportation

Pig/Wrought Iron

Pig iron smelting method evolved to wrought iron for better quality

Tariffs

Taxes on imports to boost local economy and discourage foreign goods

Tenements

Overcrowded, unhygienic housing for the poor during the Industrial Revolution

Cholera

Waterborne disease prevalent due to poor living conditions in Industrial Revolution

Trade Unions

Skilled workers' associations protecting rights, preventing exploitation

Luddites

Skilled workers opposing industrialization by sabotaging machines

Chartism

Political movement advocating for working class rights and democracy