Industrialization Across the Globe
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104 Terms
What is Industrialization?
The process of mass manufacturing of goods through the use of mechanization.
What agricultural changes occurred with landowners?
Landowners experimenting and innovating to improve farming practices.
What were the effects of enclosures?
Allowed for innovative use of land and forced many small farmers to the city.
What did the Seed Drill do?
Sowed seeds evenly and improved successful growth of crops.
What is Crop Rotation?
Understanding soil and nutrients for better crop yields.
What is Selective Breeding?
Livestock farmers such as Robert Bakewell selectively breed livestock.
Which country was the ideal place for industrialization to start?
England.
What was the rate of population growth in England?
Doubling in 1750-1850.
What are the Factors of Production?
A Labour Force, Innovation, Transportation, Material Resources, A Supportive Economy
What energy sources did England have in abundance?
Rivers and Coal
What material resources did England have in abundance?
Iron Ore
Industrialization requires investments from the _.
Entrepreneurs.
What kind of economic system did England have?
Complex banking system.
Who invented the flying shuttle?
John Kay
Who invented the water frame?
Richard Arkwright
Who invented the spinning jenny?
James Hargreaves
Who invented the Cotton Gin?
Eli Whitney
Who was James Watt?
Scottish Engineer
Who was Matthew Boulton?
Notable business owner and wealthy guy.
Who invented the steam-powered boat - The Claremont?
Robert Fulton
Who invented the Locomotive engine?
Richard Trevithick and George Stephenson
What is Urbanization?
Movement of population into cities.
What percentage of England lived in cities in 1801?
17%
What were the reasons for Urbanization?
Population Growth, Factories provide job opportunities, Urban jobs offered more than rural ones
What type of areas did cities grow around?
Coal and Water
What event occurred as a result of sanitation systems not being implemented?
The Great Stink of 1858
How did the principle of more production = more money affected factory work?
Terrible working conditions and no consideration for workplace hazards.
How many hours for 6 days a week did people work?
16
Where was the average lifespan of a worker 10 years less than the others?
The coal mines of England.
How old could a child factory worker be?
8 Years Old
Who were the working class?
Factory workers and unskilled labour.
Who were the middle class?
Factory owners, merchants, lawyers, and bankers.
What is a Free-Market economy called?
Capitalism
What are the major principles of Capitalism?
No government regulations, Factors of Production are private, Economies are motivated by self-interest, competition, and supply and demand
Who were the major thinkers of Capitalism?
Adam Smith and David Ricardo
What is a government intervention called?
Socialism
What are the major principles of Socialism?
Government looks to establish equal distribution, Factors of production are controlled by the state, Economies should be motivated by the common good for all of its citizens and equal system of distribution
Who were the major thinkers behind Socialism
Jeremy Bentham, Charles Fourier, and Karl Marx
Who are the Bourgeoisie?
The middle and upper class
Who are the Proletariat?
The poor working class
What is the goal of a communist revolution?
To abolish all classes and distribute the means of production.
What is a Union?
A voluntary association of workers of a certain profession.
What act forbade the use of child labour in mines?
Mines Act of 1842
What act limited hours worked per day?
Factory Act of 1833
What were the long-term improvements of the Industrial Revolution?
Development of Suburban Living and Improved Infrastructure, Eventual development in worker’s rights ,General rise in standard of living
What changes occurred to the land as a result of the enclosure movement?
Public village land becomes private, Private land divided up into enclosures
What was the result of selective breeding from Robert Bakewell?
Average weight of sheep rises by 75lbs (34 kilos)!
Enclosures allowed for ___
innovative use of land
James Watt and Matthew Boulton made what type of innovations?
innovations in the Steam Engine
What type of growth occurred in cities during the Industrial Revolution?
Rapid growth with no preparation
What is Industrialization?
The process of mass manufacturing of goods through the use of mechanization.
What agricultural changes occurred with landowners?
Landowners experimenting and innovating to improve farming practices.
What were the effects of enclosures?
Allowed for innovative use of land and forced many small farmers to the city.
What did the Seed Drill do?
Sowed seeds evenly and improved successful growth of crops.
What is Crop Rotation?
Understanding soil and nutrients for better crop yields.
What is Selective Breeding?
Livestock farmers such as Robert Bakewell selectively breed livestock.
Which country was the ideal place for industrialization to start?
England.
What was the rate of population growth in England?
Doubling in 1750-1850.
What are the Factors of Production?
A Labour Force, Innovation, Transportation, Material Resources, A Supportive Economy
What energy sources did England have in abundance?
Rivers and Coal
What material resources did England have in abundance?
Iron Ore
Industrialization requires investments from the _.
Entrepreneurs.
What kind of economic system did England have?
Complex banking system.
Who invented the flying shuttle?
John Kay
Who invented the water frame?
Richard Arkwright
Who invented the spinning jenny?
James Hargreaves
Who invented the Cotton Gin?
Eli Whitney
Who was James Watt?
Scottish Engineer
Who was Matthew Boulton?
Notable business owner and wealthy guy.
Who invented the steam-powered boat - The Claremont?
Robert Fulton
Who invented the Locomotive engine?
Richard Trevithick and George Stephenson
What is Urbanization?
Movement of population into cities.
What percentage of England lived in cities in 1801?
17%
What were the reasons for Urbanization?
Population Growth, Factories provide job opportunities, Urban jobs offered more than rural ones
What type of areas did cities grow around?
Coal and Water
What event occurred as a result of sanitation systems not being implemented?
The Great Stink of 1858
How did the principle of more production = more money affected factory work?
Terrible working conditions and no consideration for workplace hazards.
How many hours for 6 days a week did people work?
16
Where was the average lifespan of a worker 10 years less than the others?
The coal mines of England.
How old could a child factory worker be?
8 Years Old
Who were the working class?
Factory workers and unskilled labour.
Who were the middle class?
Factory owners, merchants, lawyers, and bankers.
What is a Free-Market economy called?
Capitalism
What are the major principles of Capitalism?
No government regulations, Factors of Production are private, Economies are motivated by self-interest, competition, and supply and demand
Who were the major thinkers of Capitalism?
Adam Smith and David Ricardo
What is a government intervention called?
Socialism
What are the major principles of Socialism?
Government looks to establish equal distribution, Factors of production are controlled by the state, Economies should be motivated by the common good for all of its citizens and equal system of distribution
Who were the major thinkers behind Socialism
Jeremy Bentham, Charles Fourier, and Karl Marx
Who are the Bourgeoisie?
The middle and upper class
Who are the Proletariat?
The poor working class
What is the goal of a communist revolution?
To abolish all classes and distribute the means of production.
What is a Union?
A voluntary association of workers of a certain profession.
What act forbade the use of child labour in mines?
Mines Act of 1842
What act limited hours worked per day?
Factory Act of 1833
What were the long-term improvements of the Industrial Revolution?
Development of Suburban Living and Improved Infrastructure, Eventual development in worker’s rights ,General rise in standard of living
What changes occurred to the land as a result of the enclosure movement?
Public village land becomes private, Private land divided up into enclosures
What was the result of selective breeding from Robert Bakewell?
Average weight of sheep rises by 75lbs (34 kilos)!
Enclosures allowed for ___\n
innovative use of land
James Watt and Matthew Boulton made what type of innovations?
innovations in the Steam Engine
What type of growth occurred in cities during the Industrial Revolution?
Rapid growth with no preparation