Anatomy Quiz 1

What is Homeostasis?

Process by which living things maintain steady & tolerable physical & chemical conditions.

Give examples of Homeostasis

Sweating, shivering & goosebumps, secreting insulin, breathing faster, pH levels in various parts of the digestive system

What is a Negative Feedback Loop?

A stimulus—a deviation from a set point—is resisted through a physiological process that returns the body to homeostasis. A negative feedback system has five basic parts.

Give one example of a Negative Feedback Loop

Body Temperature

What is a Positive Feedback Loop?

A positive feedback loop results in a change in the body’s status, rather than a return to homeostasis. Keeps an event going when stimulated.

Give one example of a Positive Feedback Loop

Normal, vaginal Childbirth

What qualifies a molecule as Organic?

Carbon is the base atom, frequent C-H bonds

What are the four main organic macromolecules?

Lipids (fats, oils), Nucleic Acids (DNA, RNA), Carbohydrates (simple sugars, complex sugars), Proteins

How are Macromolecules made?

Monomers link to form polymers

Anterior (or ventral)

Describes the front or direction toward the front of the body. The toes are anterior to the foot.

Posterior (or dorsal)

Describes the back or direction toward the back of the body. The popliteus is posterior to the patella.

Superior (or cranial)

Describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper. The orbits are superior to the oris.

Inferior (or caudal)

Describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal column). The pelvis is inferior to the abdomen.

Lateral

Describes the side or direction toward the side of the body. The thumb (pollex) is lateral to the digits.

Medial

Describes the middle or direction toward the middle of the body. The hallux is the medial toe.

Proximal

Describes a position in a limb that is nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body. The brachium is proximal to the antebrachium.

Distal

Describes a position in a limb that is farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body. The crus is distal to the femur.

Superficial

Describes a position closer to the surface of the body. The skin is superficial to the bones.

Deep

Describes a position farther from the surface of the body. The brain is deep to the skull.

Sagittal plane

The plane that divides the body or an organ vertically into right and left sides. If this vertical plane runs directly down the middle of the body, it is called the midsagittal or median plane. If it divides the body into unequal right and left sides, it is called a parasagittal plane or less commonly a longitudinal section.

Frontal plane

The plane that divides the body or an organ into an anterior (front) portion and a posterior (rear) portion. The frontal plane is often referred to as a coronal plane.

Transverse plane

The plane that divides the body or organ horizontally into upper and lower portions. Transverse planes produce images referred to as cross sections.

Cranial cavity

Houses the brain

Spinal cavity (or vertebral cavity)

Encloses the spinal cord.

Thoracic cavity

The more superior subdivision of the anterior cavity, and it is enclosed by the rib cage. The thoracic cavity contains the lungs and the heart, which is located in the mediastinum.

The largest cavity in the body. Although no membrane physically divides the abdominopelvic cavity, it can be useful to distinguish between the abdominal

Cranial cavity

Houses the brain

Spinal cavity (or vertebral cavity)

Encloses the spinal cord.

Thoracic cavity

The more superior subdivision of the anterior cavity, and it is enclosed by the rib cage. The thoracic cavity contains the lungs and the heart, which is located in the mediastinum.

Abdominal pelvic cavity

The largest cavity in the body. Although no membrane physically divides the abdominopelvic cavity, it can be useful to distinguish between the abdominal

Abdominal cavity

Houses the digestive organs, kidneys, and spleen.

Pelvic cavity

That portion inferior to the abdominal cavity, includes the reproductive organs, urinary bladder, and rectum.

What are serous membranes?

Serous membrane that surrounds organs to minimize friction between surfaces, protects organs and holds them in place.

What is the peritoneum?

The serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity and covers most of the abdominal organs.

What is the pleura?

Lines the thoracic cavity and surrounds the lungs.

What is the pericardium?

Surrounds the heart.