WHAP Unit 0

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101 Terms

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Hinduism founding

india 3500 yrs ago

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Hinduism size

3rd largest religion, largest ethnic religion

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Hinduism gods

polytheistic, brahma created all

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Hinduism book

vedas

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Hinduism Social Structure

Caste system, borne into caste, unified india in a way

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Samsara (Hinduism)

cycle of reincarnation

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Karma (hinduism)

cause and effect of actions; determines the nature of one's reincarnation

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dharma (hinduism)

a person's religious and moral duties

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Moksha (hinduism)

becoming one with Brahman, free from samsara (cycle of reincarnation)

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Buddhism founding

india, 530 bce (2500 yrs ago) , Siddhartha Guatama

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Buddhism Size

4th largest religion

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Buddhism Goal

Nirvana, freedom from desire/end suffering

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Four Noble Truths (buddhism)

1. Everyone suffers.
2. The cause of suffering is desire (greed)
3. To end suffering you must end desire (greed)
4. Follow the eightfold path

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Eight fold path (buddhism)

1. right knowledge
2. right aspiration
3. right speech
4. right conduct
5. right livelihood
6. right effort
7. right mindfulness
8. right meditation

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Buddhism Book

Sutras

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Buddhism Sects

Theravada, Mahayana, Vajrayana

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Mahayana (buddhism)

zen, lay people, east asia

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Vajrayana (buddhism)

dalai lama, religious rituals

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Theravada (buddhism)

south east asia, oldest one, monks, only one way to nirvana

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Juddaism Founding

israel 2600 yrs ago, oldest abrahamic religion

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Juddaism Gods

monotheistic yaweh

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Juddaism Book

torah (five books of moses) follow gods commandments

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Abraham

Founder of Judaism, lived around ~4000yrs ago (not when judaism comes up)

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Christianity Founding

middle east, first century CE, second oldest abrahamic religion

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Christianity Spread

originally persecuted, until adopted by roman empire in 4th century CE

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Islam Founding

middle east, Arabian peninsula, 7th century CE, youngest abrahamic religion

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Islam book

Quran

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Islam Gods

founded by prophet muhhamhed, monotheistic, Allah

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Prophet Muhhamhed (islam)

originally a merchant, saw visions of gabriel in a cave and believed he was a messenger of god, last true prophet

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Mecca (islam)

the holiest city of Islam; Muhammad's birthplace

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Ka'ba

black stone built by Abraham regarded to be the center of the earth by Muslims

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Five Pillars of Islam

faith, prayer, fasting, almsgiving, pilgrimage (hajj)

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Sunni and Shia (islam)

Two major denominations of Islam, Sunni is bigger

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Islam Spread

through trade and conquest

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Confucianism Founding

zhou dynasty, 2000yrs ago

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Confucianism Book

analects

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Confucianism Social Structure

act right and improve self to reach enlightenment

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Confucianism Classification

philosophy, not technically a religon

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Filial Piety (confucianism)

ancestor worship

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Daoism Founding

zhou dynasty, 2000 yrs ago, Lao Zhou

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Daoism Book

Tao te ching

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Daoism Values

live in harmony w nature, follow the tao

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Ancient China

humans formed by clay, 5 emperors

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Yellow Emperor

A "cultural hero", writing, math, calendar in his rule

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Yu the Great

canals very just

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Shang Tang

very nice, dies and leaves empire unstable

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Zhou dynasty

King Wen overthrew shang, longest dynasty, plow, crop rows, more canals and waterways, coins, medical advancements

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Imperial China 221BC

Qin, Ming, Jin, Han

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Han Dynasty

split into factions, art, adopted communism, silk road opens

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Terracotta Warriors

Qin She Huang emperor

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Sui

overthrown by powerful li family, Li Yuan becomes emperor and Li Shimin overthrows him

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Tang Dynasty

Wu Zeitan, Emperor Xuanzong brings golden age

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Wu zeitan

goes through a lot and becomes empress in 683, claims shes buddha reincarnated and builds monasteries

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Emperor Xuanzong

golden age of the tang, abolished death penalty, reduced inflation, increased cash flow, agressive but open foreign policy, divdes china into Jiedushi, dies and Jiedushi split up

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Jiedushi

Regional military governorships during Tang, after Xuanzong dies, rule independently until 960

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Tang Achievements

Internal Trade: canal networks
Woodblock Printing: increase literacy + education
Structural Engineering: pagodas, temples
Medicine: sugar causes diabetes
Waterpowered airconditioning in palace
Accidentally discover gunpowder

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Silk Road

most items go to middle east, silk, porcelain, wood working, Tang Dynasty

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Gupta (india)

golden age, ends in 550, split into Chola and Ghurid

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Ghurid Sultanate

711, vassal state to Seltic turks

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Ghurid Religion

sunni muslim, brought islam to india

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Ghurid Ruler

Muhammad Gori, invade northern india, killed in 1206

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Collapse of Ghurid

Muhammad dies, falls into disunion, becomes dehli sultanate

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Chola Kingdom

south india, 9-12th century, hub for trade, very wealthy

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Chola Kingdom Trade

silk porcelain from china
spices horses middle east
slaves ivory africa

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Chola Kingdom Religion

spread buddhism and later islam through trade

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Chola Kingdom Architecture

temples, Thanjuan temple (largest in india at the time)

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Chola Kingdom Art

bronze and copper sculptures, hindu lit, jain and buddhist lit grows, Tamil Poetry (Nalagyira Divya Prabandham)

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Chola Government

monarchy, divided into mandalams

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Mandalams

governorships, Nadus (self governing)

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Roman Empire

27 BCE Augustus ceaser

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Edict of Milan

313 CE, constantine, religious tolerance

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Edict of Thessalonica

380 CE, christianity is the offical religion of rome

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Splits of Rome

286 CE- split into two, still one emperor
395 CE- split for good, two emperors

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Chinese Dynasties in order

Xia ,Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing

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West Roman Empire Religion

Catholicism and speak latin

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East Roman Empire Religion

eastern orthodox and speak greek

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Trade imbalance (west and east)

west becomes dependent on east for luxury items

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Fall of Western Roman Empire 476 AD

corruption, weak government, the military being dismantled, and frequent raids and attacks cause empire to fall (Sack of Rome), start dark ages, rise of feudalism

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Western Empire Military

germanic mercaneries

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Western Attackers

visigoths, vandals, angles, franks, saxons, ostrogoths, lombards

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Byzantine Government

highly centralized government that focused power into the emperor, bureaucracy
regulated trade, food prices to keep economy stable

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Byzantine Art

dome architecture, religous mosaics, icons, HAGIA SOPHIA

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Justinian's Code

foundation of European law, womens rights

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Constantinople

Capital of the Byzantine Empire, trade/culture hub, spread to balkans and russia

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Byzantine Empire

Eastern half of the Roman Empire that was long standing up until the 1400's (over 1000 yrs)

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Hellenistic

greek

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The Great Schism

First split in Christianity, starts when Priest Arius 4th century, "Jesus cant be divine"

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East Schism

Eastern Orthodox, holy spirit, no immaculate conception, divorce, priests can get married

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West Schism

Catholicism, virgin mary, holy trinity, purgatory, no divorce, no married priests

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1054 CE

Great Schism, representatives meet from both sides in constantinople, Pope Leo IX kicks out Cerularius, bull is tossed out of Hagia Sofia

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Visigoths in Spain

early 700's

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Al-Andalus

711 CE, Ummayad Caliphate come to help fight off visigoths
720 CE Ummayads control spain, golden age

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Golden Age of Spain (Al-Andalus)

education, lit, poetry, architecture, public baths, religous/ethnic tolerance

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Jizyah

The tax levied against non-Muslims living in Islamic states

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Cordoba (Al-Andalus)

center of wealth in Al-Andalus

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Preservation of Greek Lit and Philosophy

Islamic world preserves greek writing and ideas

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What battle marked the decline of Al-Andalus in 732?

Battle of Tours

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Who was the Frankish leader during the Battle of Tours?

Charles Martel

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What was the outcome of the Battle of Tours in relation to Islam?

(732 CE) European victory over Muslims. It halted Muslim movement into Western Europe.

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What led to the fragmentation of Al-Andalus into smaller kingdoms?

Weak and Ineffective rule