WHAP Unit 0

Hinduism founding

india 3500 yrs ago

Hinduism size

3rd largest religion, largest ethnic religion

Hinduism gods

polytheistic, brahma created all

Hinduism book

vedas

Hinduism Social Structure

Caste system, borne into caste, unified india in a way

Samsara (Hinduism)

cycle of reincarnation

Karma (hinduism)

cause and effect of actions; determines the nature of one's reincarnation

dharma (hinduism)

a person's religious and moral duties

Moksha (hinduism)

becoming one with Brahman, free from samsara (cycle of reincarnation)

Buddhism founding

india, 530 bce (2500 yrs ago) , Siddhartha Guatama

Buddhism Size

4th largest religion

Buddhism Goal

Nirvana, freedom from desire/end suffering

Four Noble Truths (buddhism)

1. Everyone suffers.
2. The cause of suffering is desire (greed)
3. To end suffering you must end desire (greed)
4. Follow the eightfold path

Eight fold path (buddhism)

1. right knowledge
2. right aspiration
3. right speech
4. right conduct
5. right livelihood
6. right effort
7. right mindfulness
8. right meditation

Buddhism Book

Sutras

Buddhism Sects

Theravada, Mahayana, Vajrayana

Mahayana (buddhism)

zen, lay people, east asia

Vajrayana (buddhism)

dalai lama, religious rituals

Theravada (buddhism)

south east asia, oldest one, monks, only one way to nirvana

Juddaism Founding

israel 2600 yrs ago, oldest abrahamic religion

Juddaism Gods

monotheistic yaweh

Juddaism Book

torah (five books of moses) follow gods commandments

Abraham

Founder of Judaism, lived around ~4000yrs ago (not when judaism comes up)

Christianity Founding

middle east, first century CE, second oldest abrahamic religion

Christianity Spread

originally persecuted, until adopted by roman empire in 4th century CE

Islam Founding

middle east, Arabian peninsula, 7th century CE, youngest abrahamic religion

Islam book

Quran

Islam Gods

founded by prophet muhhamhed, monotheistic, Allah

Prophet Muhhamhed (islam)

originally a merchant, saw visions of gabriel in a cave and believed he was a messenger of god, last true prophet

Mecca (islam)

the holiest city of Islam; Muhammad's birthplace

Ka'ba

black stone built by Abraham regarded to be the center of the earth by Muslims

Five Pillars of Islam

faith, prayer, fasting, almsgiving, pilgrimage (hajj)

Sunni and Shia (islam)

Two major denominations of Islam, Sunni is bigger

Islam Spread

through trade and conquest

Confucianism Founding

zhou dynasty, 2000yrs ago

Confucianism Book

analects

Confucianism Social Structure

act right and improve self to reach enlightenment

Confucianism Classification

philosophy, not technically a religon

Filial Piety (confucianism)

ancestor worship

Daoism Founding

zhou dynasty, 2000 yrs ago, Lao Zhou

Daoism Book

Tao te ching

Daoism Values

live in harmony w nature, follow the tao

Ancient China

humans formed by clay, 5 emperors

Yellow Emperor

A "cultural hero", writing, math, calendar in his rule

Yu the Great

canals very just

Shang Tang

very nice, dies and leaves empire unstable

Zhou dynasty

King Wen overthrew shang, longest dynasty, plow, crop rows, more canals and waterways, coins, medical advancements

Imperial China 221BC

Qin, Ming, Jin, Han

Han Dynasty

split into factions, art, adopted communism, silk road opens

Terracotta Warriors

Qin She Huang emperor

Sui

overthrown by powerful li family, Li Yuan becomes emperor and Li Shimin overthrows him

Tang Dynasty

Wu Zeitan, Emperor Xuanzong brings golden age

Wu zeitan

goes through a lot and becomes empress in 683, claims shes buddha reincarnated and builds monasteries

Emperor Xuanzong

golden age of the tang, abolished death penalty, reduced inflation, increased cash flow, agressive but open foreign policy, divdes china into Jiedushi, dies and Jiedushi split up

Jiedushi

Regional military governorships during Tang, after Xuanzong dies, rule independently until 960

Tang Achievements

Internal Trade: canal networks
Woodblock Printing: increase literacy + education
Structural Engineering: pagodas, temples
Medicine: sugar causes diabetes
Waterpowered airconditioning in palace
Accidentally discover gunpowder

Silk Road

most items go to middle east, silk, porcelain, wood working, Tang Dynasty

Gupta (india)

golden age, ends in 550, split into Chola and Ghurid

Ghurid Sultanate

711, vassal state to Seltic turks

Ghurid Religion

sunni muslim, brought islam to india

Ghurid Ruler

Muhammad Gori, invade northern india, killed in 1206

Collapse of Ghurid

Muhammad dies, falls into disunion, becomes dehli sultanate

Chola Kingdom

south india, 9-12th century, hub for trade, very wealthy

Chola Kingdom Trade

silk porcelain from china
spices horses middle east
slaves ivory africa

Chola Kingdom Religion

spread buddhism and later islam through trade

Chola Kingdom Architecture

temples, Thanjuan temple (largest in india at the time)

Chola Kingdom Art

bronze and copper sculptures, hindu lit, jain and buddhist lit grows, Tamil Poetry (Nalagyira Divya Prabandham)

Chola Government

monarchy, divided into mandalams

Mandalams

governorships, Nadus (self governing)

Roman Empire

27 BCE Augustus ceaser

Edict of Milan

313 CE, constantine, religious tolerance

Edict of Thessalonica

380 CE, christianity is the offical religion of rome

Splits of Rome

286 CE- split into two, still one emperor
395 CE- split for good, two emperors

Chinese Dynasties in order

Xia ,Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing

West Roman Empire Religion

Catholicism and speak latin

East Roman Empire Religion

eastern orthodox and speak greek

Trade imbalance (west and east)

west becomes dependent on east for luxury items

Fall of Western Roman Empire 476 AD

corruption, weak government, the military being dismantled, and frequent raids and attacks cause empire to fall (Sack of Rome), start dark ages, rise of feudalism

Western Empire Military

germanic mercaneries

Western Attackers

visigoths, vandals, angles, franks, saxons, ostrogoths, lombards

Byzantine Government

highly centralized government that focused power into the emperor, bureaucracy
regulated trade, food prices to keep economy stable

Byzantine Art

dome architecture, religous mosaics, icons, HAGIA SOPHIA

Justinian's Code

foundation of European law, womens rights

Constantinople

Capital of the Byzantine Empire, trade/culture hub, spread to balkans and russia

Byzantine Empire

Eastern half of the Roman Empire that was long standing up until the 1400's (over 1000 yrs)

Hellenistic

greek

The Great Schism

First split in Christianity, starts when Priest Arius 4th century, "Jesus cant be divine"

East Schism

Eastern Orthodox, holy spirit, no immaculate conception, divorce, priests can get married

West Schism

Catholicism, virgin mary, holy trinity, purgatory, no divorce, no married priests

1054 CE

Great Schism, representatives meet from both sides in constantinople, Pope Leo IX kicks out Cerularius, bull is tossed out of Hagia Sofia

Visigoths in Spain

early 700's

Al-Andalus

711 CE, Ummayad Caliphate come to help fight off visigoths
720 CE Ummayads control spain, golden age

Golden Age of Spain (Al-Andalus)

education, lit, poetry, architecture, public baths, religous/ethnic tolerance

Jizyah

The tax levied against non-Muslims living in Islamic states

Cordoba (Al-Andalus)

center of wealth in Al-Andalus

Preservation of Greek Lit and Philosophy

Islamic world preserves greek writing and ideas

What battle marked the decline of Al-Andalus in 732?

Battle of Tours

Who was the Frankish leader during the Battle of Tours?

Charles Martel

What was the outcome of the Battle of Tours in relation to Islam?

(732 CE) European victory over Muslims. It halted Muslim movement into Western Europe.

What led to the fragmentation of Al-Andalus into smaller kingdoms?

Weak and Ineffective rule