Organic Naming

Just the Prefixes. And Rules for Oxidation numbers.

Meth-

1

Eth-

2

Prop-

3

But-

4

Pent-

5

Hex-

6

Hept-

7

Oct-

8

Non-

9

Dec-

10

Alkanes

single (ane)

Alkenes

double (ene)

Alkynes

triple (ynes)

Alcohols

OH (ol)

Carboxylic Acids

COOH at end (oic acid)

Ring

Cyclo-

Benzene

Six with 3 double bonds

Elemental form

N.O. = 0

Monoatomic form

N.O. = ionic charge

Sum of N.O. values for a compound in a molecule

=0

Polyatomic

N.O. total = ions charge

Oxygen

-2, unless peroxide (YxOx) then oxygen is a charge of -1

Hydrogen

+1 when nonmetals, -1 with metals

Group 17

-1 in combinations with metals and nonmetals (WITH OXYGEN THE HALOGEN TAKES THE + UNLESS ITS FLORINE THE -)

Group 2

+2 in all compounds

Group 1

+1 in all compounds

Elements that break the Octet Rule

Lithium

Boron

Beryllium

Hydrogen

Phosphorus