AP Lang flashcards #3

appeal to authority

an argument that supports a claim by citing the opinion of an expert. 

can become a fallacy if the cited person is not qualified in the subject, biased, or if their opinion is presented as evidence rather than as support..

digression

a temporary departure from the main subject in speech or writing.

rebuttal

a counter-argument that’s used for contradicting an opposing claim. it will weaken or undermine the credibility of an opposing argument by introducing evidence, facts, or reasoning that disputes it.

innuendo

hints at something, typically something taboo, without directly saying it

juxtaposition

two contrasting things are put together to highlight their difference and create a deeper meaning. It's used to create a contrast or a comparison.

parallelism

a writing technique that involves using a similar grammatical structure for a series of words, phrases, clauses, or sentences to express similar ideas or for emphasis. 

It creates rhythm, balance, and clarity in writing, making sentences easier to read, understand, and remember.

compound sentence

consists of two or more independent clauses that are joined by a coordinating conjunction (such as "and," "but," or "so") and a comma, or by a semicolon. 

Each independent clause contains a subject and a verb and could stand alone as a complete sentence

complex sentence

is made up of one dependent clause and one independent clause connected to each other.

simple sentence

only one clause, with a subject and predicate.

compound-complex sentence

is comprised of at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.

didactic

refers to anything that is intended to teach. It comes from the Greek word didaktikos, meaning "apt at teaching".

cacophony

a loud, harsh mixture of discordant or unpleasant sounds.

the divine right of kings

a political and religious doctrine saying that a monarch's authority to rule comes directly from God, not from the consent of the people.

levels of diction

the range of word choices, from formal to informal, that a writer or speaker uses to convey a specific tone, suit their audience, and achieve a particular purpose

abstract diction

uses words to describe intangible concepts, emotions, or ideas that cannot be perceived by the five senses.

concrete diction

the use of words for their tangible meanings, referring to things that can be perceived by the five senses, such as sight, sound, taste, touch, or smell

Pax Romana

a roughly 200-year period of relative peace, stability, and prosperity in the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 BCE to 180 CE. The name is Latin for "Roman Peace”

October Revolution

a 1917 coup d'état in Russia where the Bolshevik Party, led by Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the Provisional Government and established a communist regime.

the Enlightenment

an 18th-century European intellectual movement that emphasized reason, individualism, and scientific inquiry to challenge traditions and improve society, promoting ideals like liberty, equality, and progress.

Sherman’s March to the Sea

a Union military campaign during the American Civil War, led by Union General William Tecumseh Sherman, from Atlanta, Georgia, to the Georgia coast in late 1864