BML - Lesson 9

choroid

middle layer of the eye containing many blood vessels

cornea

transparent anterior part of the sclera that lies over the iris and pupil

iris

pigmented muscular structure that regulates the amount of light entering the eye by controlling the size of the pupil

lens

lies directly behind the pupil; focuses and bends light

optic nerve

carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain

pupil

The opening through which light enters the eye

retina

innermost layer of the eye, which contains the vision receptors

sclera

outer protective layer of the eye (white of the eye)

auricle (pinna)

external, visible part of the ear located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves to the external auditory canal

cochlea

coiled portion of the inner ear that contains the organ for hearing

eustachian tube

passage between the middle ear and the pharynx; equalizes air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane

external auditory canal

short tube ending at the tympanic membrane

outer ear

consists of the auricle and external auditory canal

inner ear (labyrinth)

bony spaces within the temporal bone of the skull that contain the cochlea, the semicircular canals, and vestibule. The cochlea facilitates hearing. The semicircular canals and vestibule facilitate equilibrium and balance

middle ear

consists of the tympanic membrane, eustachian tube, and ossicles

ossicles

bones of the middle ear (stapes, incus, and malleus) that carry sound vibrations

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

semitransparent membrane that separates the external auditory meatus and the middle ear cavity; the tympanic membrane transmits sound vibrations to the ossicles

pathway of light

source/subject → cornea → pupil (past iris) → lens → vitreous humor → retina → optic nerve → brain

perception of sound

auricle (pinna) → external auditory canal → tympanic membrane → ossicles: malleus, incus, stapes → oval window → cochlea → cochlear nerve → brain

blephar/o

eyelid

ir/o, irid/o

iris

kerat/o

cornea

ophthalm/o

eye

opt/o

vision

retin/o

retina

scler/o

sclera

audi/o

hearing

myring/o

eardrum

ot/o

ear

tympan/o

middle ear

-metry

measurement

-plegia

paralysis

-ptosis

drooping

blepharitis

inflammation of the eyelid

blepharoplasty

surgical repair of the eyelid

blepharoptosis

drooping eyelid

iridectomy

excision of the iris

iridoplegia

paralysis of the iris

iritis

inflammation of the iris

keratometer

instrument used to measure the cornea

keratoplasty

surgical repair of the cornea

ophthalmic

pertaining to the eye

Ophtholmologist

physician who studies and treats diseases of the eye

ophtholmology

study of the eye

ophthalmoscope

instrument used for visual examination of the eye

optic

pertaining to vision

optomerty

measurement of vision

retinal

pertaining to the retina

retinitis

inflammation of the retina

scleral

pertaining to the sclera

scleritis

inflammation of the sclera

audiology

study of hearing

audiologist

one who studies and specializes in hearing

audiometer

instrument to measure hearing

audiometry

measurement of hearing

myringitis

inflammation of the eardrum

myringoplasty

surgical repair of the eardrum

myringotomy

incision into the eardrum

otitis

inflammation of the ear

otoplasty

surgical repair of the ear

otolaryngologist

A physician with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the ear, nose, and throat

otolaryngology

study of the ear, nose, and throat

otorrhea

discharge from the ear

otoscope

instrument used for visual examination of the ear

tympanic

pertaining to the middle ear

tympanoplasty

surgical repair of the middle ear

astigmatism

irregular curvature of cornea or lens

cataract

clouding of the lens of the eye

glaucoma

eye disorder characterized by optic nerve damage usually caused by the abnormal increase of intraocular pressure

hyperopia

farsightedness

LASIK

laser procedure that reshapes the corneal tissue beneath the surface of the cornea

macular degeneration

progressive deterioration of the portion of the retina called the macula lutea, resulting in loss of central vision

myopia

nearsightedness

optometrist

healthcare professional who performs eye exams, administers vision tests, and prescribes corrective lenses

otitis media

inflammation of the middle ear

presbycusis

hearing impairment in old age

presbyopia

impaired vision as a result of aging

retinal detachment

separation of the retina from the underlying epithelium, disrupting vision and resulting in blindness if not repaired surgically

tinnitus

ringing in the ears

AMD

age-related macular degeneration

AST

astigmatism

ENT

ear, nose, throat

HOH

hard of hearing

OM

otitis media

IOP

intraocular pressure

Ophth

ophthalmology

VA

visual acuity