Unit 4 topic 2 flashcards

Eleanor Roosevelt's Address to the Women of America (1942):

Encouraged women to take on factory, hospital, and administrative jobs to support the war effort.
Emphasized that women had an essential role both at home and in wartime production.
Helped redefine traditional gender roles, showing women's ability to work in various fields.

Women's Workforce Participation:

Between 1940 and 1945, the number of women employed grew from 12 million to over 18 million.

Women's Army Corps (WAACs):

Allowed women to serve in non-combat military roles.

Purpose of Victory Gardens:

Encouraged civilians to grow their own food to supplement supplies and reduce strain on commercial agriculture. Allowed more food to be directed to soldiers and Allied nations.

Impact of Victory Gardens:

Increased public participation in the war effort by engaging everyday Americans.

Promoted the idea that small contributions helped the larger war cause.

War Bonds and Federal Spending:

The government sold war bonds to fund military efforts and offset the costs of increased federal

spending. Bonds encouraged civic duty and patriotism, raising billions to support the war effort.

Office of War Information (OWI) and Propaganda:

The OWl was responsible for creating posters, films, and radio programs to build public support for

the war.

Propaganda emphasized national unity, sacrifice, and the moral necessity of defeating the Axis

powers.

Examples of Propaganda Messages:

Encouraged rationing and conservation of materials.

Promoted enlistment and support for wartime production.

Korematsu v. United States (1944):

The Supreme Court upheld the internment of Japanese Americans, citing military necessity despite

recognizing its racial injustice.

Decision later criticized and formally apologized for by the U.S. government

Tuskegee Airmen:

African American pilots who escorted bombers during combat with great success.
Their achievements helped pave the way for the desegregation of the military in 1948

A. Philip Randolph and the March on Washington (1941):

Called for a protest against discrimination in defense industries and the military. Pressured President Roosevelt to issue Executive Order 8802, banning racial discrimination in

wartime industries.

War manpower commission report (1945)

Highlighted contributions of women, African Americans, Mexican Americans, and Native

Americans to wartime production.

Helped shift public perceptions of race and gender roles in the workforce.

Eleanor Roosevelt's Address to the Women of America (1942)

Roosevelt encourages women to contribute to the war effort by taking jobs in factories, hospitals, and dministrative roles. She emphasizes that women's participation is essential for national security and that the are capable of taking on new responsibilities

National War Garden Commission Poster

This wartime propaganda poster promotes Victory Gardens, which encouraged civilians to grow their own food to reduce pressure on commercial agriculture and support the war effort.

Government Spending as a Percent of GDP (WWII Era)

A graph showing how war bond sales and increased government spending helped finance World War II. It demonstrates that federal spending rose dramatically to support military production, and war bonds were sold to offset costs.

Executive Order 9182: Establishing the Office of War Information (1942)

This executive order created the Office of War Information (OWI) to manage propaganda efforts through press, radio, and film. The goal was to unify the public, maintain morale, and reinforce the importance of supporting the war effort.

Korematsu v. United States (1944) - Supreme Court Decision

The Supreme Court ruled that the internment of Japanese Americans was justified as a wartime necessity, despite acknowledging that restrictions based on race should be scrutinized. This decision upheld Executive Order 9066, which led to the forced relocation of Japanese Americans to internment camps.

The Tuskegee Airmen - Military Service and Impact

This excerpt details the history and contributions of the Tuskegee Airmen, an all-Black fighter pilot group that provided crucial bomber escorts in Europe. Their outstanding performance helped pave the way for the desegregation of the U.S. military in 1948.

A. Philip Randolph’s Letter Advocating for the March on Washington (1941)

Randolph calls for a mass protest to demand equal treatment for African Americans in the defense industry and military. His activism led to Executive Order 8802, which banned racial discrimination in defense jobs and set the stage for later civil rights movements.

War Manpower Commission Report (1945)

A government report describing how women and minority workers played a crucial role in wartime production. It highlights the transition of African American, Mexican American, and Native American workers into industrial jobs and the lasting impact on civil rights and labor movements.