The Nature and Variety of Organisms

The 8 characteristics

-Movement

-Respiration

-Sensitivity

-Control
-Growth

-Reproduction

-Excretion

-Nutrition

(MRS. C GREN)

Movement

Ability to move (towards-water, food) and (away-predators, poisons)

Respiration

Releasing energy from food in a process called respiration

2 types of Respiration

-Aerobic

-Anaeorobic

Sensitivity

Detecting and responding to changes (stimuli) within their surroundings

Control

Regulating and coordinating body processes (temperature, water content)

Growth

Permanent increase in size until maturity

Reproduction

Producing offspring (for specie survival)

Excretion

Removing waste products (carbon dioxide, urine)

Nutrition

Taking in nutrients for energy and raw materials for growth and repair

Nutrients for a balanced diet include:

-Carbohydrates

-Proteins

-Fats (Lipids)

-Vitamins

-Minerals

-Fibre(Roughage)

-Water

Organism with more than one cell

Multicellular

Organism consisting of a one cell

Single cell

Eukaryotic

Cells that are complex

Prokaryotic

Cells that are simple and small

Specificities of Eukaryotic Cells

-Has a nucleus.

-Has membrane-bound organelles.

-DNA is inside the nucleus

(Includes animals, plants, fungi, and protists)

Specificities of Prokaryotic Cells

-No nucleus.

-No membrane-bound organelles

-DNA free in the cytoplasm

-Usually have a cell wall

(Includes bacteria)

Level of Organisation

Organelle-Cell-Tissues-Organs-Organ Systems

Nucleus

Contains DNA and controls the cell's activities

Cell membrane

Controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like substance where most chemical reactions occur.

Mitochondria

Site of aerobic respiration => releases energy

Ribosomes

Site of protein synthesis (makes proteins)

Cell wall (Plant)

Rigid structure (made out of cellulose) supports and strengthens the cell

Chloroplasts

Site of photosynthesis, contain chlorophyll

Large permanent Vacuole

Contains cell sap (weak solution of sugar and salts) => Keeps the cell rigid

Tissues

A group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function

Example of Tissues (Animal):

Muscle tissue – Contracts to produce movement

Example of Tissues (Plants):

Xylem tissue – Transports water and minerals.

Organs

A group of different tissues that work together to perform a function

Example of Organs (Animal):

Heart - Muscle tissue, nervous tissue, epithelial tissue, connective tissue

Example of Organs (Plants):

Leaf (plant organ) - Palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, epidermal tissue, xylem, phloem

Organ System

A group of organs that work together to carry out a specific function.

Example of Organ Systems ( Animal):

Circulatory system - Organs = heart, blood vessels => Function = Transports blood, oxygen, and nutrients

Example of Organ Systems (Plant):

Shoot system- Organs = stem + leaves + flowers => Function = Supports the plant, Transports substances, Carries out photosynthesis, and Enables reproduction