IONIC COVALENT METALLIC

How are ionic bonds formed

metal + non metal

How are covalent bonds formed

non metal + non metal

How are metallic bonds formed

metal + metal

What do covalent bonds do

share electrons

What do metallic and ionic bonds do

carry/gain electrons

What does one stick count as

one bond

What is the structure of ionic compounds

giant ionic lattice

What is a giant ionic lattice

every positive is surrounded by a negative ion

What are the properties of giant ionic lattices

very strong electrostatic forces, high melting + boiling points, can't conduct electricity

Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points

a lot of heat energy to break electrostatic bond

Why can't ionic compounds conduct electricity when solid

ions can't move as they're locked in place by electrostatic bonds

What are the properties of covalent molecules

strong covalent bonds, weak intermolecular forces, low melting point, can't conduct electricity

Why do covalent compounds have low melting points

intermolecular forces are weak and therefore provide less energy to overcome them

Why do covalent compounds not conduct electricity

the molecules do not have a charge

What are the properties of metallic compounds

malleable, high melting + boiling point, solid at room temp, can conduct electricity

Why are pure metals malleable

There is a regular structure which allows the layers to slide over one another

Why can metals conduct electricity

Delocalised electrons that can carry electricity

Why do metals have high melting and boiling points

They have strong electrostatic forces of attraction that require lots of energy to overcome

Why are alloys harder than pure metals

There are different sized atoms and disrupts the regular structure meaning the layers can longer slide over each other

What are alloys

A metal combined with one or more elements

What are alloys used in

Cars
Planes

What does malleable mean

Can be bent or hammered into shape

What is an example of an alloy

Steel: made of mostly iron with small amounts of other elements (carbon)