Main Group Chemistry group 17 and 18

These flashcards cover the key concepts presented in the lecture regarding main group chemistry, particularly focusing on halogens and their properties, applications, and reactions.

What are the characteristics of Group 17 elements?

They are five toxic, non-metallic elements with seven valence electrons, more reactive than other non-metal groups, and form diatomic molecules (X2) with non-polar covalent bonds.

What is the consequence of having seven valence electrons in Group 17 elements?

They require one additional electron to form a full octet, making them more reactive.

What are the characteristics of Group 17 elements?

They are five toxic, non-metallic elements with seven valence electrons, more reactive than other non-metal groups, and form diatomic molecules (X2) with non-polar covalent bonds.

What is the consequence of having seven valence electrons in Group 17 elements?

They require one additional electron to form a full octet, making them more reactive.

What are the daily life applications of halogens?

Fluoride is in toothpaste, chlorine disinfects drinking water, and iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production.

What is Cretinism, and what causes it?

Cretinism is a disease caused by iodine deficiency in diet during pregnancy, leading to hypothyroidism and impaired development.

How does reactivity of halogens change down the group?

Reactivity decreases down the periodic table, with fluorine being the most reactive.

What are the oxidation states of chlorine?

Chlorine exhibits oxidation states of -1, +1, +3, +5, and +7.

What are the properties of Fluorine?

It is the most electronegative element, extremely reactive, and has an oxidation state of -1 except in its diatomic state.

What type of compounds do halogens form with hydrogen?

Halogens form hydrogen halides, such as HF, HCl, HBr, and HI.

What are the oxidation states of Bromine?

Bromine can have oxidation states of -1, +1, +3, +4, and +5.

What are pseudohalides?

Pseudohalides are compounds that have properties similar to those of halogens and exist as dimers.

How do noble gases behave chemically?

Noble gases are monoatomic, unreactive, and have high ionization energies.

What compounds can Xenon form?

Xenon can form fluorides, oxides, and oxofluorides, with main oxidation numbers of +2, +4, and +6.

What is unique about the noble gas Helium?

Helium makes up 23% by mass of the Universe and is rare in the atmosphere due to its light atoms escaping Earth's gravitational pull.

What is the significance of the ionization energy of noble gases?

They have high ionization energies, indicating their unreactive nature.

What reactions are notable for Xenon fluorides?

Xenon fluorides are strong oxidizing agents, capable of forming complexes with F-.