A Journey Through States of Water

Fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards testing key concepts from 'A Journey Through States of Water' including evaporation, condensation, cloud formation, cloud types, and the water cycle.

Hand sanitizer disappears when rubbed on hands because friction and heat increase the rate of __________ of its volatile components.

evaporation

An earthen pot keeps water cool because water seeps out through its tiny __________ and evaporates from its surface.

pores

The amount of water vapour held by atmospheric air is defined as __________, which decreases the rate of evaporation when its levels are high.

humidity

An increase in surface area, temperature, or wind speed __________ the rate of evaporation.

increases

The process where water vapour turns into liquid water is called __________, which is the reverse action of evaporation.

condensation

Condensation occurs either when air is cooled to its dew point or when it becomes so __________ with water vapour that it cannot hold any more.

saturated

The temperature at which air becomes saturated with moisture and water droplets begin to form is called the __________.

dew point

When water vapour in the air changes into tiny drops of water, it __________ heat into the atmosphere.

gives out

Water droplets appear on the outer surface of a cold stainless-steel tumbler because water vapour present in the __________ condenses on it.

air

The visible cloud trails behind airplanes form when water vapour from the engine condenses as it mixes with the __________ air outside.

cooler

Atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) systems are easier to implement in __________ regions such as coastal and tropical areas.

humid

When liquid water changes into gas, energetic molecules absorb heat and carry it away, which __________ the liquid water left behind.

cools

Cloud droplets form on tiny particles floating in the air, such as dust, salt crystals, bacteria, or ash from __________.

volcanoes

The process in which water changes directly from a gas into a solid is called __________.

deposition

If the air in a cloud is below the freezing point of $32^\text{o}\text{F}$ or ${0^\text{o}\text{C}}$, ice crystals form to create __________ if the freezing temperature extends all the way to the ground.

snow

High, thin, wispy clouds that are often made of ice crystals are called __________ clouds.

Cirrus

Puffy, rounded clouds that can form tall towers and lead to thunderstorms are called __________ clouds.

Cumulus

Layered, sheet-like clouds that cover the entire sky and cause overcast conditions are called __________ clouds.

Stratus

Clouds that actively produce rain or snow are designated as __________ clouds.

Nimbus

Clouds appear white because tightly packed water droplets reflect most of the __________ that hits them.

sunlight

Rain clouds appear black or gray because water vapour clumps into larger raindrops, leaving larger spaces between drops and causing __________ light to be reflected.

less

In the water cycle, solid ice and snow can turn directly into gas through the process of __________.

sublimation

Groundwater moves into plants during plant uptake and then evaporates from plants into the atmosphere via __________.

transpiration