unit 7 test

John Foster Dulles

• Eisenhower's Secretary of State
• advocated for aggressive stance against communism

U-2 Incident

U-2 planes had been flying over the S.U. taking pictures of troops and missiles

McCarran Act

• address communism
• vetoed

Alger Hiss

• gov. official suspected of being a Communist and providing info t Whittaker Chambers, a former espionage agent for the S.U.
• tried and convicted of perjury, not espionage
• Nixon pursued charges accused of

Joseph McCarthy

• Republican senator obsessed with hunting communists
• loses popularity when he accuses U.S. Army

What was Eisenhower's administration known as?

modern conservatism / dynamic conservatism

How did Truman support Civil Rights?

• desegregated military and federal workplace
• President's Committee on Civil Rights

Dixiecrats

short-lived Southern segregationist party

Why did farmers in the 1950s face economic difficulties?

• overproduction
• declining farm prices
• high costs

What was "white flight"? "How did it impact cities?

• middle-class whites leave the cities and rural poor move to the cities
• cities lose people and business; city governments cannot maintain services

What was urban renewal? What did the Housing Act of 1949 do?

• programs aimed at reducing poverty levels in the city
• address the housing shortage and improve living conditions for all Americans by expanding the federal role in mortgage insurance, public housing, and slum clearance

HUD

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development

Longoria Incident

incident of prejudice against Mexican Americans when the only undertaker in a Texas town refused to provide funeral services for a Mexican-American WWII war hero

• sparked national outrage, galvanized the Mexican American civil rights movement, and elevated Dr. Hector Garcia and Senator Lyndon Johnson to national prominence

termination policy

• eliminated federal assistance and discontinued the reservation system
• policy was a failure

Who were some of Kennedy's most important advisors?

• McGeorge Bundy
• Robert F. Kennedy
• Robert McNamara

Limited Test Ban Treaty

banned nuclear weapon tests in atmosphere

Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty

treaty aimed at preventing spread of nuclear weapons

Kennedy's New Frontier

Kennedy's domestic agenda

What were some of Kennedy's successful domestic policies?

• funding defense
• international aid
• space programs
• Peace Corps
• Alliance for Progress

How did Kennedy impact the Space Race?

NASA - new funding in universities, new technology, industries in southern and western states

Peace Corps

massive volunteer program to assist developing countries

Alliance for Progress

• designed to foster economic cooperation and social reform in Latin America, primarily aimed at countering the perceived communist threat from Cuba
• not very successful

How did Kennedy address Civil Rights?

proposed Civil Rights Act of 1963

Why did Kennedy travel to Texas in 1963?

meant to seek support for new Frontier policies

Warren Commission

commission established by Johnson to investigate Kennedy assassination

Economic Opportunity Act

a law, enacted by Johnson in 1964, that provided funds for youth programs, antipoverty measures, small-business loans, and job training

significance of Gideon v. Wainwright

accused criminals have the right to an attorney

positives of Great Society

• expands size of fed. gov.
• War on Poverty mostly a success
• economy boosted

negatives of Great Society

• increases national debt
• conservative backlash
• Vietnam proves problematic

Medicare

offered healthcare for Americans over 65

Medicaid

provide healthcare for low-income Americans

Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)

aimed to improve housing and urban conditions

Elem/Sec. Edu. Act

provided fed. funds to improve schools

Higher Education Act

expanded fed. funding for universities & increased access to them

Project Head Start

offered early education to low-income children

TRA

cut taxes to stimulate economic growth & fund Great Society programs

Community Action Program

empowered local communities to design anti-poverty initiatives

Water / Air Quality Act

set standards to combat pollution

Highway Safety Act

fed. safety standards for vehicles & roads

Fair Packaging Act

required clear product labeling to protect consumers

Immigration Act of 1965

abolished national-origin quotas, promoting diversity in immigration