Catholic values exam #1

Ecumenical council

Gathering of church leaders to discuss and define church teachings

Vatican II was an ecumenical council that sought to modernize and open the church to new understandings

(eh·kyoo·meh·nuh·kl)

dictation theory

The belief that god dictated the bible to human authors

implies no need for interpretation

view held by fundamentalists, not taken by catholic moral theology

Disconcertment

A reflective process that helps individuals determine what they want out of life

helps make moral choices

requires critical thinking and personal evaluation

Reason

the ability to think critically and logically

faith and reason should complement each other

Matter and Form

Theological concept introduced by Thomas Aquinas to explain sacraments

matter is the actions of confessing sins (penitent)

Form is priests absolution

concupiscence

The inclination to sin that stays even after baptism

ongoing struggle of being human and having moral choice

(kuhn·kyoo·puh·sns)

Epideictic

Rhetorical style designed to be persuasive and attractive

what Vatican II adopted shifting from condemnation

Tariff Penance

system designed in 6th century that gave a specific “price” (penances)

structured method for moral reconciliation

mercy

Conscience

internal sense of right and wrong

should be through disconcertment, experience, and faith rather than blind following

absolution

Formal forgiveness of sins

marks completion of penitential process

restores relationship with god

ressourcement

return to early church teachings to rediscover foundational truths

guiding principle of Vatican II

Aggiornamento

The call for the church to be open to modern realities

call to update church teachings in response to contemporary issues

penitential books

Books from early church that listen sins and assigned specific penances

reformation

The 16th century movement that led to Protestantism

reformers rejected practices like priestly confession and absolution

direct relationship with god

Fourth Lateran council

a 13th century church council that require annual confession and communion for those who had reached age of reason (7)

help formalize church laws

Hebrew scriptures

Another term for the old testament

contrition

Genuine sorrow for ones sins

necessary for absolution

Christian scriptures

Another term for new testament

Jesuses teachings

Manual tradition

a system of moral theology that relied on strict rules and guidelines

Ridged Vatican II moved away from this

Covenant

sacred agreement between god and humanity

Proof-texting

Practice of using isolated bible verses to support pre-existing beliefs

Metanoia

A deep conversion or transformation of heart

involves changing way of thought and striving toward an authentic moral life

culpability

the degree of moral responsibility for an action

Vatican II recognized that circumstances affect this

Pederasty

In historical contexts refer to relationships between men and boys

some biblical texts mention this rather than modern day homosexuality

Bernard Haring

A moral theologian who argued that moral theology needed to evolve

contributed to Vatican IIs shift towards covenant based morality

Moral

Related to principles of right and wrong

shaped by experience, faith, reason, and community

hermeneutics

The study of interpretation, particularly of texts

in moral theology involves analyzing scripture in historical and literary context to determine modern meaning