11.6 The Spanish-American War

José Martí

a Cuban revolutionary who launched a war for independence from Spanish, using guerrilla tactics and hit-and-run raids

Joseph Pulitzer & William Randolph Hearst

rival newspaper publishers who owned New York World and New York Journal, respectively, and used sensationalization (yellow press) to sway public opinion towards Cuban rebels

jingoism

aggressive nationalism, especially that fueled by the yellow press

the USS Maine

an American battleship blown up by a mine during its trip to Havana harbor to protect Americans in Cuba, which was misattributed by the yellow press to Spain

Resolution of Congress on Cuba, 1898

1. That Cuba is free and independent as a nation.

2. That the United States demands Spain removes itself, including government, army, and naval forces.

3. That the PotUS will use all of its land/naval forces to achieve these ends.

4. The United States has no intention to annex Cuba and will leave it to its own sovereignty. ←Teller Amendment

George Dewey

a high ranking naval official who led his squadron to victory in Manila Bay, Philippines, hailed a hero

Emilio Aguinaldo

Filipino nationalist who fought as an American ally to defeat the Spanish army and gain independence, then led an insurrection against America when it became destructive of its ideals

the Rough Riders

the 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry, one of three in1898 to fight the Spanish American war, and commanded by future president Theodore Roosevelt. originally frontiersman from diff territories, ended up being filled with Ivy League athletes, glee club singers, Texas Rangers, and Natives??? lmao

The Treaty of Paris

an agreement signed in Paris in 1898, officially ending the Spanish-American War and stating that the U.S. recieves the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico

Anti-Imperialist League

a large group of anti-imperialists who condemned imperialism as a crime and attacked it as “open disloyalty to the distinctive principles of our government.”

Platt Amendment

a treaty between the U.S. and Cuba that attempted to protect Cuba’s independence from foreign intervention by placing Cuba under partial U.S. control. gave U.S. the right to add a naval base to protect Caribbean territories

guerrilla warfare

a nontraditional warfare tactice where small bands of fighters attack behind enemy lines

William Howard Taft

future President of the United States, governor of the Philippines

Jones Act of 1916

Congressional Act that pledged the United States would eventually give the Philippines their freedom.