Chapter 13: Emotional & Social Development in Middle Childhood

Flashcards about emotional & social development in middle childhood including moral development and peer relations.

Lawrence Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development

Moral development proceeds from avoiding punishment to concern for group functioning, and then to universal ethical principles.

Recursive Thinking

Considering viewpoints of two or more people simultaneously.

Truthfulness (Negative Act)

Can cause harm, requiring children to learn to 'hold their tongue'.

Culture and Moral Understanding

Children use similar criteria to reason about moral, social-conventional, and personal concerns across diverse cultures.

Prevailing Societal Attitudes

Influence children, including biases and bigotry.

Oversimplified View of the World

An oversimplified view that sorts people into groups creating an "us" versus "them" mentality.

In-Group and Out-Group Biases

Favoritism towards one's own group and prejudice against other groups.

Effective Strategies for Reducing Prejudice

Cooperative learning, diverse languages, flexible seating, and diverse literature.

Peer Groups

Promotes prosocial behaviors and healthier development in all domains.

Peer Groups Formation

Form due to proximity and align with gender, ethnicity, academic achievement, and popularity.

Friendships

Mutually agreed-on relationships based on liking each other's qualities and responding to each other's needs.

Good Friendships (School-Age Children)

Based on kindness and supportiveness.

Peer Acceptance

Refers to likability; peers viewing a child as a worthy social partner.

Categories of Peer Acceptance

Popular, rejected, controversial, neglected, and average children.

Popular-Prosocial Children

Socially accepted and admired children with skills.

Popular-Antisocial Children

Aggressive boys and girls who are not academically engaged.

Rejected-Aggressive Children

Children with high rates of conflict and aggression. Hyperactive/impulsive.

Rejected-Withdrawn Children

Passive and socially awkward children with social anxiety.

Controversial and Neglected Children

Display a blend of positive and negative social behaviors.

Helping Rejected Children

Coaching, modeling, and reinforcing positive social skills.