bio unit 2

all cells have

plasma membrane, cytosol, DNA, ribosomes

ribosomes

in all cells, make protein by translating mRNA into amino acid sequences, free → cytosol, bound →rough ER

prokaryote

bacteria - teeny unicellular, no nucleus, no organelles in membrane

eukaryote

protists, plants, fungi, animals - big complex, nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

cells need to

DEO - dissipate heat, eliminate waste, obtain nutrients

higher SA:V

more efficient exchange of materials, interact w environment (small)

low SA:V

greater nutrient requirement, more heat/waste, struggle moving (big)

maximizing SA:V

membrane folding (ex. root hairs), villi in intestines, flat shapes (leaf, elephant ear)

all cells have:

plasma membrane, cytosol, chromosomes, ribosomes

which statement reflects the relationship between cell size and surface area?

Cells must maximize their surface area-to-volume ratio in order to maintain homeostasis.

plant cells:

central vacuole, cell wall, chloroplast

membranes

flexible barriers embedded w proteins, made of phospholipids

non-membrane bound organelles

ribosomes, cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, cytoskeleton

membrane bound organelles 

nucleus, vacuole, mitochondria, chloroplast, golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum

endomembrane system

compartmentalizes cell, synthesizes and traffics molecules, membranes connected directly or through vesicles

endomembrane transport system

nuclear envelope → endoplasmic reticulum → golgi apparatus → lysosomes, vacuoles, vesicles → plasma membrane

nucles

double layered membrane w pores, holds chromatin (DNA+protein) → thread like fibers

smooth ER

detoxifies drugs and poisons (hydrolysis), makes lipids

rough ER

surface ribosomes read mRNA and assemble amino acids to proteins, protein-carb bond to golgi in transport vesicle

which cellular structure is common to all 3 domains of life?

ribosomes

enzymes responsible for biosynthesis of membrane lipids would be located in what part of the cell shown?

endoplasmic reticulum

which would be most surprising to find in a prokaryotic cell?

chloroplast

where are cytoplasmic proteins made?

free ribosomes