Plant Tissues (Meristematic Tissue)

Meristematic Tissue

are those which have the ability to divide continuously and give rise to new cell types

Permanent Tissues

are formed from the meristematic tissues and do not divide further

Apical

present at the tips of the stem, roots, and branches and contribute to the growth in length of these parts

Intercalary

present at the internodes of the stem and at the bases of the leaves; contributes to the elongation of the organs

Lateral

occurs at the lateral sides of the plant body; contribute to the increase in girth in plants

Tissue

a group of cells performing the same function of commonly similar structure

Meristems

found in the growing tips (apical) of roots and stems, and in the peripheral areas (lateral) of dicot stems and roots; made up of cells that are undifferentiated, small, compact, with dense protoplasm, and are actively dividing

Vascular Cambium

the main route by which the stems and roots grow; the tissue consists of xylem toward the outside and phloem inside

Cork Cambium

present in mostly woody and some herbaceous plants and gives rise to the cork or bark layer on the outside of them stem and secondary growth in the epidermis

Permanent Tissues

comprised of differentiated specialized cells; classified into dermal, ground, and vascular

Dermal (protective tissues)

found on the surface or outermost part of the plant body

Epidermis

protects most plant organs from massive loss of water and from predation'; made up of one or two layers of thin-walled cells with prominent vacuoles

Cutin

waxy, water-repellent substance that make up the plant cuticle

Periderm

In woody plants, the epidermis of roots and stems is replaced by _____

Periderm

is made up of several layers of cork cells that have suberin, making it water resistant

Ground Tissues

found in the interior of the plant

Parenchyma

composed of thin-walled cells which are loosely arranged

Collenchyma

the cells have walls that are unevenly thick, with the thickening mostly at the corners

Not lignified

The thickened primary cell wall is _____________-

Middle Lamella

The thickening takes place in the _________

Sclerenchyma

cells are evenly thick and impart structural support to the plant body; the added strength is due to lignin that is deposited in the later stages of the cell’s life

Vascular Tissues

primary transport of materials

Xylem

Serves as continuous passageway for the transport of water and dissolved solutes in an upward direction

> Composed of parenchyma, fibers, vessels, and tracheids.

> Vessels and tracheids comprise the xylem of angiosperms.

> These are arranged in bundles that form continuous tubes from the roots to the leaves.

Phloem

> Functions for food/photosynthate transport

> Main components: sieve elements and companion cells

> Some ** cells lose their nuclei, yet the tissue remains alive while performing its functions with the help of companion cells