Mouth+Throat Conditions

Angular Chelitis

PP: inflammation+painful cracking of the corner of the lips

E: saliva wetting
macerating skin
overclosure of mouth
nutritional deficiency

Carcinoma of the Lip

ulceration/plaque not healing

basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma→lower lip

malignant

Chancre of Primary Syphillis

PP: ulcerated papule+indurated edge
-contagious

E: 3-6 weeks post t pallidium infxn

Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome

PP: small brown pigmented spots in
-dermal layer of lips
-buccal mucosa
-perioral area

E: intestinal polyposis

P: high risk of GI cancer

Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia

PP: blanchable spots

E: vascular fragility
atriovenous malformations

CM: lips
PO mucosa
nasal septal mucosa
fingertips

Angioedema

PP: localized subcutaneous/submucosal swelling in deep layers of skin+other tissues
-benign

E: intravascular fluid→leaks into tissue

P: resolves 24-48 hrs

Actinic Cheilitis

PP: precancerous→squamous cell carcinoma

E: excessive exposure to sun
m/c→bottom lip

CM: lip loses redness→becomes scaly+thick+everted

Herpes Simplex

PP: fluid-filled outside/side of face/lips→recurrent+painful eruptions

E: HSV

CM: vesicles on lips+surrounding skin
painful
yellow-brown crust

P: heal on own (self-limited) x 10-14 days

Large Normal Tonsils

common in children

may protrude as far as to midline

Leukoplakia

thickened+persistent+painless white patch

in PO mucosa

biopsy→r/o SCC

Candidiasis

thick white coating on tongue→red+raw surface underneath

can scrape off

Petechiae

PP: blood escapes capillaries→into tissue

E: infection
decreased platelets
trauma

CM: small red spots
non-blanchable
in throat

Koplik Spots

associated with measles (rubeola)

small white specks on red background

on buccal mucosa→near 1st+2nd molars

Fordyce Spots

sebaceous glands overproduced

mainly in men

painless

yellowish spots
-buccal mucosa
-on lips

Torus Palatinus

overgrowth of bone in hard palate

idiopathic

common in adults

benign+harmless

Kaposi Sarcoma

low-grade vascular tumor

dark-purple macules

non-tender

HHV-8

Diptheria

pseudomembrane over tonsil area→gray exudate
-uvula
-pharynx
-tongue

dull red throat

caused by corynebacterium diptheriae

concern→airway compromise

Pharyngitis

red throat

irritation

Exudative Tonsils

red throat

thick+white exudate on tonsils

E: infectious mononucleosis
group A strep

Marginal Gingivitis

cavity

different areas/may be in one area

inflamed gum
-red+swollen margins
-red+swollen+blunted papillae

E: brushing teeth
teens
young adults
pregnancy

Hutchinson Teeth

congenital syphillis

inner notch

sides of teeth→tapered towards biting edges

wide spaces inbetween

m/c→upper central incisors

Abrasion of Teeth With Notching

abraded/notched biting surface

sides of teeth+size+spacing→normal
-mimic: hutchinson’s teeth

E: recurrent trauma

Erosion of Teeth

PP: loss/weakening of anteiror teeth on lingual surfaces

E: recurrent regurgitation of the stomach:
bullimia
severe acid reflux

Attrition of Teeth/Recession of Gums

PP: Chewing surfaces→worn down

CM: yellow-brown dentin→exposed (attrition)
gums→show roots of teeth (recession)

Pregnancy Tumor

red/purple papules of granulation tissue

form in interdental papillae

red

soft

painless

bleed easily

Gingival Hyperplasia

bacterial infection→gum inflammation→gum overgrowth

CM: swollen masses
may cover teeth
associated inflammation→±redness

Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis

PP: sudden gingivitis

E: teens
young adults
uncommon

CM: ulcers in interdental papillae→spread to gum margin→gray pseudomembrane develops
halitosis
red+painful gums
bleeds easily

Atrophic Glossitis

smooth+sore tongue

no papillae

Tori Mandibularis

rounded bony overgrowths

inner surfaces of mandible

BL

asx+harmless

Carcinoma of the Mouth

most common→lateral tongue

back of tongue

ulceration

Mucous Patch of Syphillis

painless slightly raised oval lesion

covered by grayish membrane

caused by secondary syphillis

highly contagious

Aphthous ulcer

painful

ulceration

white center+red halo

idiopathic

Varicose Veins of Tongue

small purple/black-blue swellings under tongue

due to age

no clinical significance

Oral Hairy Leukoplakia

white

raised

feather or corrugated pattern

on sides of tongue

can’t be scraped off

Fissured Tongue

increase with age

benign

Black Hairy Tongue

overgrowth of bacteria in mouth

yellow→brown/black

hypertrophied+elongated papillae

on dorsum of tongue

Geographic tongue

benign

scattered smooth red areas

no papillae

map-like pattern

can change over time

Mucous Seal

mucous gets trapped in cell

cyst

surgically removed

Tonsil Stone

food gets calcified

halitosis

Tonsillectomy Scabs

body develops scabs after removal

Apthous Ulcer (Canker Sore)

painful+shallow+white-gray oval

surrounded by reddened mucosa

Carcinoma of the Mouth

ulcerated lesion

floor of mouth

surrounding area of reddened mucosa (erythroplakia)

biopsy needed

Thrush

thick white plaques
-cream-colored
-bluish-white

on underlying mucosa