cosmological argument

Inductive Argument

Arguments that put forward a conclusion constructed via evidence and experience.

A posteriori

A statement based on actual observation, evidence, experimental data, or experience; relates to inductive reasoning.

Cosmological Argument

An inductive proof for God’s existence that uses the evidence of the existing and contingent universe to suggest an origin or first cause.

First Mover

In Aquinas’ First Way, the concept that there must be an initial cause of all motion which itself is unmoved, identified as God.

Potentitality and Actuality

Key concepts from Aristotle: Potentiality refers to the capability of change, while actuality refers to the state of having achieved that potential.

Efficient Cause

The third party that moves potentiality to actuality, playing a role in the chain of causation.

Second Way - Cause and Effect

Aquinas' argument that everything has a cause and that there must be an uncaused cause, which is God.

Infinite Regress

A concept in philosophy that refers to an endless chain of causes; Aquinas argues that this is impossible.

Contingency and Necessity

Aquinas’ Third Way positing that since everything contingent could not exist without a necessary being, which is God.

Kalam Cosmological Argument

A modern formulation of the cosmological argument stating that everything that begins to exist has a cause; proposed by William Craig.

Actual Infinite

The concept that an actual infinite series of events or objects cannot exist; illustrated by Craig's library example.

Personal Creator

The idea in Craig's argument that a conscious personal agent is necessary to explain the origin of the universe, rather than mere physical laws.

Transcendent God

The belief in a God who exists beyond the physical universe and is involved in creation, especially emphasized in the evangelical movement.

Ex Nihilo

A Latin term meaning 'out of nothing,' used to describe the creation of the universe by a divine being.