M4: Quantization of Continues Amplitude Signals

Quantization Error

The error introduced in representing the continuous–valued signal by a finite set of discrete value levels.

Minimum Step Size (Resolution)

Distance between two successive quantization level.

QUANTIZATION ERROR ( eq[n]):

Signal to Quantization Noise Ration (SQNR)

Signal to quantization noise ratio of signal power to noise power.

SQNR Formula:

Digital-to-Analog Converter

__________ used to convert the digital signal back to analog.

digital control system

Digital computer is used to __________.

Impulse Train

Digital data initially converted into an __________ with specific spectrum.

Low-Pass Filter

(it allows low frequencies to pass and blocks high frequencies)

Removes frequency above half the sampling rate (Nyquist frequencies) to reconstruct the analog signal.

Zeroth-order Hold

It use instead of an impulse train.

Spectrum of Zeroth-Order Hold

__________ is equal to the spectrum of the impulse train multiplied by the SinC function.

Analog Filter

To recover the original analog signal.
- Remove the frequency above the Nyquist Rate.
- Compensate for the SinC distortion by amplifying frequencies with the reciprocal of sinC (1/sinC).

36%

An amplification of about _____ at half sampling frequencies.

• Graphical

• Tabular

• Functional

• Sequential (finite or infinite)

4 ways in representing signal: