Matter - Honors Chemistry - Chapter 3

Flashcards covering key concepts related to matter and its properties as outlined in the lecture notes.

Matter

Anything that possesses mass and volume.

Mass

The amount of matter an object contains, measured in kilograms.

Volume

The amount of space an object occupies.

Solid

A state of matter with a fixed shape and fixed volume.

Liquid

A state of matter with a variable shape but fixed volume.

Gas

A state of matter with both variable shape and variable volume.

Plasma

An ionized gas at high temperatures.

Physical Properties

Characteristics that can change without altering the substance's composition.

Chemical Properties

Characteristics that, if changed, will result in a new substance.

Physical Change

A change in size, shape, form, or state without a change in composition.

Chemical Change

A change in a substance that alters its composition.

Pure Substance

Matter with a constant composition that is uniform throughout the sample, containing only one substance.

Mixture

Matter with variable composition, consisting of two or more substances physically combined.

Homogeneous Mixture

A mixture that is uniform in composition, also referred to as a solution.

Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture that is not uniform and has distinguishable components.

Filtration

A method to separate a solid from a liquid based on differences in particle size.

Crystallization

A technique used to purify an impure solid by dissolving it in a hot solvent.

Distillation

A separation technique based on differences in boiling points of substances.

Chromatography

A technique that separates substances based on their affinity to a stationary phase and a mobile phase.

Extraction

A method to separate components based on differences in solubility.

Endothermic Process

A phase change that absorbs heat, such as melting or vaporization.

Exothermic Process

A phase change that releases heat, such as condensation or freezing.

Intensive Property

A property that does not depend on the amount of matter present.

Extensive Property

A property that changes based on the amount of matter present.