AP Periodical Exam | Globalization

A comprehensive set of Q&A flashcards covering globalization concepts, history, communication, linguistics, tourism, economy, politics, SDGs, unemployment, and PH context.

What is globalization?

The interconnectedness or interaction of numerous countries in politics, economics, society, technology, and culture.

How does globalization differ from modernization?

Globalization is long-term interaction of countries in economics, politics, and culture; modernization is thorough industrialization, urbanization, and development.

Name a major historical trade network that linked China, India, and the Roman Empire with goods like silk and spices.

The Silk Road (114 BCE – 1450 CE).

What cultural blend emerged around 334 BC that fused Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian influences?

Hellenistic Culture.

Which era involved colonization and resource extraction by Spain, Portugal, Britain, and the Netherlands?

The Age of Discovery (15th & 16th centuries).

What was the Manila–Acapulco trade route called during 1565–1815?

The Galleon Trade.

What period brought modern inventions, factories, postal services, radios, and TVs?

The Industrial Revolution (19th century).

What is the Information Age, and what characterizes it?

The 20th–21st centuries marked by the World Wide Web and instant communication.

What is a loanword?

Borrowing or assimilating words from other languages.

Name two organizations that promote trade and development in globalization.

WTO and World Bank (WB).

What does trade liberalization do?

Reduces tariffs and speeds exports/imports.

What is a characteristic of corporate chains in globalization?

Big companies spread offices globally.

When was the United Nations founded, and how many members does it have now?

Founded October 24, 1945; 193 current members.

When was the WTO established?

1995 (Geneva).

When were the World Bank and IMF established?

World Bank in 1944; IMF in 1944.

What are the main globalization-related policies in the Philippines as listed?

Public-private sector cooperation;

privatization (build-operate-transfer, lease properties);

liberalization/deregulation;

national budget for social/economic services;

agricultural, tourism, industrial projects;

better foreign relations for trade.

List two positive effects of globalization.

Development of trade among countries; faster and wider spread of technology and knowledge.

List two negative effects of globalization.

Lack of support for local industries; higher poverty/unemployment and lower wages.

What is Sustainable Development?

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

What are the three pillars of Sustainable Development?

Environmental sustainability, social sustainability, and economic sustainability.

Name a key environmental policy act from the US mentioned in the notes.

The 1970 US National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA).

Which US agency was created by Nixon's Executive Order No. 3?

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

What is Agenda 21 (Philippines) related to sustainable development?

Reduce poverty via nationwide and worldwide programs; protect vulnerable groups (infants, youth, women, IPs).

How many Sustainable Development Goals are there?

Seventeen (17).

Which SDG focuses on No Poverty?

SDG 1.

Which SDG focuses on Life Below Water?

SDG 14.

Which SDG focuses on Life on Land?

SDG 15.

Which SDG focuses on Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions?

SDG 16.

Which SDG focuses on Gender Equality?

SDG 5.

What is unemployment?

When a person actively searches for employment but cannot find work; a key measure of economic health.

Name the four types of unemployment.

Frictional, Structural, Cyclical, Seasonal.

What global events have historically impacted unemployment?

Great Depression (1929–39); Global Financial Crisis (2007–09); COVID-19 (2020–present).

What were the unemployment figures for the Philippines in early 2020, Dec 2024, and Jan 2025?

Early 2020: 10.3%; Dec 2024: 3.1% (1.63M); Jan 2025: 4.3% (2.16M).

What are some causes of unemployment in the Philippines?

Economic downturns; skills mismatch and lack of education; business closures (especially small firms during COVID).

What are some effects of unemployment?

Poverty, poor living conditions, crime, mental health problems; lower productivity; migration/brain drain.

What solutions are suggested for unemployment?

Improve education and training (digital skills, vocational); attract foreign investments for jobs and technology transfer.

What other issues are highlighted in the PH context besides unemployment?

Underemployment and reliance on OFWs.