APUSH - Period 4 Review

 Name two causes of the War of 1812

 Impressment of American sailors, desire to expand westward, problems with Indians, War Hawks (Calhoun and Clay) wanted to expand to Canada and westward

Name two results of the War of 1812

status quo (no clear winner) was maintained in the Treaty of Ghent (1815), increased nationalism, increased manufacturing, freedom of the seas restored, Andrew Jackson and William Henry Harrison became war heros, Federalists become lose even more political power (Hartford Convention)

Who was John Marshall and what was the Marshall Court known for?

 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court from 1801-1835, a Federalist known for asserting the authority of the federal government over the states. One of the most important cases during his time as Chief Justice, was Marbury v. Madison (1803), establishing judicial review (established the power of the courts to determine if federal law was valid or not).

Name the first 5 presidents

Washington, Adams, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe

Why did Jefferson enact the Embargo Act of 1807?

 A final attempt to get Europe to respect America.  He stopped trading with all nations in order to avoid impressment of US sailors.

What was the unintended consequence of the Embargo Act that was contrary to Jefferson’s agrarian vision?

It fueled the start of the Industrial Revolution (also known as the Market Revolution) in the North.

 List two things that Jefferson did during his presidency that were aligned with the beliefs of strict constructionists.

he lowered taxes, and eliminated the whiskey tax, paid off some of the American debt, he shrunk the army.

 List two things that Jefferson did during his presidency that were used a  loose interpretation of the Constitution.

 Louisiana Purchase, keeping the bank of the United States, fighting Barbary Pirates from 1802-1805.

Describe the spoils system (AKA the patronage system)

the hiring and firing of federal workers when presidential administrations changed in the 19th century (packing the job with loyal party supporters, not necessarily the best suited individuals for the job).

Explain the nullification crisis.

The tariff of abomination (as it became known by South Carolinians) led to S. Carolina threatened to secede the Union.  President Jackson (D) encouraged Congress to write the Force Bill, which they did, and Jackson signed, forcing S. Carolina to respect the federal tariff or face military action.

 Explain the Bank wars in Jackson’s administration

Jackson believed the Bank of the US was corrupt and favored the wealthy.  He opposed the rechartering of the BUS and used his executive power to remove all federal funds from the bank and move the money to state “pet” banks (ultimately leading to the Panic of 1837, which President Van Buren had to deal with when he took office)

What was the decision in the Supreme Court case, Worcester v. Georgia?

Because the Cherokee nation was a separate political entity (foreigners) that could not be regulated by the state, Georgia’s removal of the Cherokee was unconstitutional.  However, President Jackson refused to enforce this decision and encouraged the removal of American Indians from the lower southern states like Georgia and Florida to present-day Oklahoma. 

What did Jefferson do during his administration that was that strengthened the size and authority of the national government ( was interpreted by some as not very Democratic-Republican of him)

Louisiana Purchase (Constitution did not say that was allowed, so he violated his claim that he was a strict constructionist), the Embargo Act of 1807 (stopped all trade)