history

Progressive Era

Period of reform to fix social and political problems.

15th Amendment

Gave African American men the right to vote.

16th Amendment

Created the federal income tax.

17th Amendment

Allowed voters to directly elect senators.

18th Amendment

Banned alcohol.

19th Amendment

Gave women the right to vote.

Plessy v. Ferguson

Upheld “separate but equal” segregation.

Jim Crow Laws

Laws enforcing racial segregation.

Segregation

Separation of people by race.

Disenfranchisement

Preventing people from voting.

Poll Tax

Fee required to vote.

Literacy Test

Test used to restrict voting.

Direct Democracy

Giving citizens more direct political power.

Initiative

Citizens propose a law.

Referendum

Citizens vote on a proposed law.

Recall

Citizens remove an elected official.

Muckraker

Journalist who exposed social problems.

Jacob Riis

Exposed poor tenement conditions.

Upton Sinclair

Exposed unsafe meatpacking conditions.

The Jungle

Sinclair’s book about meatpacking conditions.

Ida Tarbell

Exposed Standard Oil’s unfair practices.

Lincoln Steffens

Exposed corruption in city governments.

Ida B. Wells

Fought against lynching and racial injustice.

Susan B. Anthony

Fought for women’s suffrage.

Anti-Lynching Legislation

Laws aimed at stopping lynching.

Meat Inspection Act

Required federal meat inspections.

Pure Food and Drug Act

Protected consumers from unsafe products.

Clayton Antitrust Act

Strengthened laws against monopolies.

Antitrust

Efforts to prevent monopolies.

Trust-Buster

Person who breaks up harmful trusts.

Theodore Roosevelt

President known for breaking up harmful trusts.

Square Deal

Roosevelt’s plan for fairness and reform.

Conservation

Protection of natural resources.

Consumer Protection

Protecting people from unsafe products.

Corporate Regulation

Government control of business practices.

Booker T. Washington

Supported gradual advancement through education and jobs.

W.E.B. Du Bois

Fought for immediate civil rights and equality.

NAACP

Organization fighting for African American civil rights.

Prohibition

National ban on alcohol.

Speakeasy

Illegal place where people drank during Prohibition.

Temperance Movement

Movement against alcohol use.

21st Amendment

Ended Prohibition.

Settlement House

Community center helping poor and immigrant families.

Jane Addams

Founded Hull House.

Hull House

Settlement house in Chicago.

Labor Union

Organization representing workers.

Progressive Party

Roosevelt’s 1912 reform political party.

Third Party

Political party outside the two major parties.

Vote Splitting

Third parties take votes from major parties.

Issue Awareness

Third parties bring attention to important issue