Intro to Earth & Physical Science - Chapter 25 TEST

What are 4 pieces of evidence Wegener used to support the continental drift theory?

Mountain Ranges, Coastlines, Rock formation, and Fossil evidence

What are the types of tectonic boundaries?

Convergent (towards each other), Divergent (away from each other), and Transform (slide past each other)

What geological formation does a oceanic/oceanic convergent boundary form?

A deep ocean trench and a volcanic island arc

What geological formation does a oceanic/continental convergent form?

a subduction zone with a deep ocean trench, a volcanic arc, and a mountain range on the continental plate

What geological formation does a continental/continental convergent form?

Large complex mountain ranges

What geological formation does a oceanic/oceanic divergent form?

Mid Ocean ridges

What geological formation does a oceanic/continental divergent form?

Rift valley

What geological formation does a continental continental divergent form?

Rift Valley

What geological formation does a transform boundary form?

Fault lines

What are two pieces of evidence for seafloor spreading discovered by studying properties of the Atlantic seafloor?

Both magnetic polarity and age of the seafloor mirroring each other on both sides of the mid ocean ridge

Explain what happens at a oceanic-continental convergent boundary.  Where on earth can we find an example?

A subduction zone forms as well as a volcanic island arc. An example of this is Chile where the Nazca Plate subducts under the South American Plate.

Provide 3 examples of how oceanic crust is different from continental crust

1) Continental crust is mainly made of granite while oceanic crust is mainly made up of basalt

2) Oceanic Crust is more dense than Continental Crust

3) Oceanic crust is recycled at subduction zones unlike continental crust

Which type of convergent boundary does not produce a subduction zone? And name a location on earth!

A continental/continental convergent boundary does not produce a subduction zone because both plates have the same density. An example of this is the Himalayan mountains, formed at the collision of the Eurasian and Indian plates 

How did the mid atlantic ocean ridge form?

A oceanic/oceanic divergent boundary

Describe how the islands of Hawaii formed.

The tectonic plates shifted above the stationary hotspot producing the islands

What is the difference between stress and strain on crustal rocks?

Stress is the force applied to rock from tectonic plates shifting while strain is the deformation to the rock caused by stress.

Explain how convection currents transfer thermal energy. Include density in your answer!

Heated parts of the fluid become less dense and rise, while cooler, denser parts sink, creating a continuous circulating flow

What provides the heat for the driving forces of convection in the lower mantle?

Radioactive decay of isotopes 

How do seismic waves tell us about earth’s interior?

Seismic waves tell us above the different layers of earths interior by changing speed or direction when traveling through the interior

List 2 differences between P and S waves.

1) P waves are faster and S waves are slower

2) P waves can travel through liquids and solids while S waves can only travel through solids

By how much does the energy released in an earthquake increase by for each number on the richter scale?

10x

Explain the process that seismologists use to locate an EQ epicenter.

Seismologists locate an earthquake's epicenter using triangulation, a method relying on seismic waves recorded by seismographs at three stations

Why can we only study seafloor from 200 million years ago and younger?

The oceanic recycles after 200 million years and goes back into the mantle.