Enzymes - Biochemistry

What are enzymes?

They serve as catalysts - speed up or slow down chemical reactions in the body

Enzymes are make of __________.

proteins

What is a substrate?

The reactant that an enzyme acts upon...

What is an active site?

Where the substrate bind to the enzyme

How do enzymes catalyse reactions

They lower the activation energy - they DONT increase amount of product, just the speed at which it is produced.

What if an enzyme isn't present for a reaction?

The product will be the same, except it would have been quicker if the enzyme was present

What if an enzyme is denatured?

It's structure will change and the function is lost. They cannot be fixed.

What does high temperature do to enzymes?

After optimum temp, the enzyme will denature and lose its function

What does low temperature do to enzymes?

Enzymes & substrates collide less often. Reaction rate is slow

Lots of active sites and few substrates present is caused from ______________________

High enzyme concentration

Low substrate concentration Causes what to the reaction?

Lots of active sites and few substrates therefore reaction will be fast

High substrate concentration and few active sights causes the reaction to be what?

Few active sites and more substrates therefore reaction will be slow

A high pH and low pH causes enzymes to ____________

Enzymes denature

Enzyme

Biological catalyst - special type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions

Activation Energy

The amount of energy needed to start a reaction

Desaturaization happens when____________________?

This is caused by extreme temperatures and pH's - bonds are disrupted in the enzyme and it loses its shape and can no longer speed up reactions

How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions?

By lowering the activation energy

Catalyst do what

Speed up chemical reactions

Lactase does what?

An enzyme that breaks down lactose.

What is lactose?

A disaccacharide found in milk - substrate that fits in the active site of lactase.

Sucrose

A disaccharide found in table sugar - substrate that fits in the active site of sucrase.

Sucrase does what

An enzyme that breaks down sucrose.

Factors that affect Enzyme Activity

pH, temperature, and concentration of enzyme or substrate

What is the Lock & Key concept

the concept that enzymes and substrate fit perfectly with each other

What is the active site?

Specific part of an enzyme where a substrate fits

Lock and Key Model

Enzymes and substrates fit together based on their specific shapes like a key fits a lock

pH, Temperature, and Concentration

Three factors that affect enzyme activity

Acids on pH scale are

ph between 0-7

Base (alkaline) on the pH scale is

pH between 7-14

What is a neutral pH?

pH of 7

Optimal temperature

Temperature at which enzyme works the best

Denature

Change in shape of an enzyme due to extremes in temperature of pH, causes the enzymes to stop functioning

Optimal pH

pH at which an enzyme works best