Bio fungi

Eukaryotic

Their cells have a proper nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Heterotrophs

Can't make their own nutrients by photosynthesis, they have to consume already existing organic matter.

Habitat

Aquatic, terrestrial (varies but usually moist)

Extracellular digestion

Digestive enzymes are released from the cell & the food molecules are digested outside of the cell

Parasites

Feed on other living organisms, benefit to their detriment, host might die eg. Ophiocordyceps

Saprophytes/ saprophyts

Feed on dead organic matter, breaking it down eg. Shaggy ink cap

Mycorrhizae

Symbiotic asociacion with plant roots, integrated into the root, feed on the nutrients made by plant eg. King bolete

Predators

Develop extensive hyphae which serve as a trap, trap their prey (nematodes, rotifers), feed on them eg. Shaggy ink cap

Hyphae

Thread like filaments or tubes, composed of protoplasm, subjected to branching

Mycelium

Network of hyphae allows transport and uptake of nutrients, often grow underground

Fungal cell

Rigid cell wall, contains polysaccharide called chitin

Budding (asexual reproduction)

A bulge from the side of the cell, the nucleus divides & the cell detatches itself from its mother cell

Fragmentation (asexual reproduction)

Mycelium separates into pieces, each piece grows into a mycelium

Producing asexual spores (asexual reproduction)

Created by one parent only through mitosis

Basidiomycota

produce large fruiting bodies called basidiocarps, they form sexual spores on specialized structures called basidia, eg. fly amanita, all types of russula

Ascomycota

production of ascocarps - fruiting bodies containing specialized sac-like structures called asci,each ascus typically contains eight spores, eg. morel (morchella), penicillium

Zygomycota

thick-walled resting spores called zygospores during sexual reproduction, they typically have coenocytic hyphae, eg. mucorales, rhizopus

Chytridiomycota

zoospores, which have flagella for movement,primarily inhabit aquatic environments

pin mould structure

simple in structure, brown or yellowish-brown in color, and with branched aerial (in the air) filaments that bear the zygospores

Pin mould reproduction

usually reproduce asexually by producing sporangiospores, Sexual reproduction starts when conditions become unfavorable - two opposing mating strains must fuse or conjugate, thereby, sharing genetic content and creating zygospores

Life cycle of a pin mould

Spore Germination →Hyphal Growth (Mycelium Formation) →Asexual Reproduction →Sexual Reproduction →Dormancy (in unfavorable conditions)

Yeast

eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms, most yeasts reproduce asexually by budding, versatile and can adapt to many environments rich in carbohydrates or decaying matter

Fermentation

when making alcohol, chemical process by which molecules such as glucose are broken down anaerobically, the yeast converts the sugars in the raw materials into alcohol and carbon dioxide

Leavening

fermentation process into the dough, by which sugars are transformed into carbon dioxide gas and alcohol

Fungal cell vs animal cell

fungal cell has cell wall, animal doesnt; both store nutrients in glycogen; both cannot photosynthesize

fungal cell vs plant cell

plant cell has chloroplasts, can photosynthesize, fungal doesnt; fungal store nutrients in glycogen, plant in starch; fungal - cell wall made of chitin, plant - cell wall made of cellulose

sexual reproduction

conjugation - two compatible fungal cells fuse to exchange genetic material = formation of a zygote, allows for genetic diversity