Waterproofing/Dampproofing/Insulations

Waterproofing

is the process of making an object or structure waterproof or water-resistant so that it remains relatively unaffected by water or resisting the ingress of water under specified conditions.

Water-resistant and waterproof

(two terms) often refer to resistance to penetration of water in its liquid state and possibly under pressure, whereas damp proof refers to resistance to humidity or dampness.

Bitumen-based products

soften in the summer heat because the black color has restricted life due to solvent evaporation

Cementitious waterproofing

is the easiest method of waterproofing in construction. The materials are easily available from suppliers of masonry products, and they’re easy to mix and apply

Liquid waterproofing membrane method

is a thin coating which consists of usually a primer coat and two coats of top coats which are applied by spray, roller, or trowel. It offers more flexibility than the cementitious types of waterproofing

Liquid waterproofing membrane method

The liquid cures into a rubbery coating on the wall. The elongation properties of the coating can reach as high as 280%. The durability of the waterproofing coating depends on what type of polymer the manufacturer use for the making of the liquid waterproofing

Bituminous Coating Waterproofing

is a type of coating used for waterproofing and flexible protective coat in accordance with its formulation and polymerization grade. Its flexibility and protection against water can be influenced by the polymer grade as well as reinforcement of fiber

asphalt coating

Bituminous coating is also called as

Bituminous waterproofing membrane

is a popular method used for low-sloped roofs due to their proven performance; have torch on membrane and self-adhesive membrane.

Polyurethane Liquid Membrane Waterproofing

used for the flat roof area and exposed to weathering. This waterproofing method is expensive

Polyurethane Liquid Membrane Waterproofing

can offer higher flexibility. Polyurethane is very sensitive to moisture content present, therefore before application, one has to be very careful evaluating the moisture content of the concrete slab, otherwise peeling or de-bonding of membranes may happen after some time

Surface preparation, primary coat, unroll membrane sheets, heat membrane, press membrane

STEPS INVOLVED IN WATERPROOFING (5)

damp proofing (damp-proof)

is a type of moisture control that is either hand applied on the exterior wall or sprayed onto the wall and floors to prevent moisture from passing into the interior spaces, it reduces the rate of moisture absorption

Damp proofing

is a type of moisture control applied to walls, residential floors or commercial buildings to prevent moisture, mold and moisture

Membrane Damp Proofing

consists of a layer or membrane with a water-barrier material between the dampness source and the part of the structure that needs to be protected

damp proof course (dpc)

membrane damp proofing is also known as

damp-proof course (dpc)

is a barrier through the structure designed to prevent moisture rising by capillary action such as through a phenomenon known as rising damp

rising damp

effect of water rising from the ground into property

Guniting Damp Proofing

a waterproof layer of rich mortar is spread or shot over an exposed surface (any part of the structure) to make it water-resistant

Guniting Damp Proofing

becomes very hard, strong, and water-repellent on that surface; very useful during structure retrofitting and repairing old concrete works or monument structures

Guniting

damp proofing technique in which a rich mortar mix of 1:3 is applied or shot on the exposed surface under very high pneumatic pressure using a cement gun

guniting

also known as shot concrete

Surface Treatment Damp Proofing

a methos of applying a layer of water resistance substances or compounds on the surface to be protected to restrict moisture from entering into the structure

lime cement plaster

the most common surface treatment given to walls

1 cement: 6 lime

ratio of lime cement plaster

surface treatment damp proofing

this treatment is done by mixing plaster coating with any waterproofing admixtures like aluminum hydroxide, sodium, or potassium silicates This

Surface Treatment Damp Proofing

the exposed surfaces of the structure must be painted and plastered carefully, using water repellent agents like aluminum or zinc sulfates, sodium, or potassium silicates, magnesium sulfate, and barium hydrozide

integral damp proofing

waterproofing compounds are mixed into the concrete or metal of the structure to make the surface impermeable

cavity wall construction

a cavity or gap or space is formed between the main wall and cavity wall, which helps resist the entry of water or moisture into the main wall, thus making the structure waterproof

cavity wall construction

due to minimal or zero contact between the outer and inner walls of the cavity wall, there is less chance of moisture penetration, and the transmission of heat through the wall is prevented cavity wall

cavity wall construction

it can also act as good insulation against sound and reduce the nuisance of efflorescence; economical and provided hygienic conditions in the buildings

pressure grouting/cementation

in this damp proofing method, the mixture of cement mortar (cement, sand, water) of fluid consistency is used to fill the voids and cracks or fissures present in the structure

pressure grouting/cementation

widely used in foundations to repair, harden, and set concrete, consolidate ground to improve bearing capacity

rigid condition

where should the material for damp proofing be placed so that it cannot change position and no movement in itself

damp proofing

Treatment of surface to retard the absorption of moisture in the absence of hydrostatic pressure.

waterproofing

Treatment of surface to prevent passage of liquid water in the presence of hydrostatic pressure

termite control

is a chemical procedure carried out for soil, masonry, wood, and electrical fixtures to provide the building with a chemical barrier against the subterranean termites before and after construction.

Subterranean Termites

s are a subclass of termites that live for long periods of times. They can live in very large colonies and travel to places with lots of wood and metal, most notably your home. Such termites can weaken wood and even metal support structures, which in extreme cases may lead the collapsing of your home

Damp Wood Termites

brown in color, but can range from dark to light, and can even be reddish, especially towards their abdomens. Nymphs are cream-colored. This species needs regular contact with water and a high humidity to survive. This makes them very different from their drywood cousins

Damp Wood Termites

s do not create shelter tubes, as subterranean termites do, and can live completely within the wood that they are eating. These termites plug openings into the wood they are infesting with fecal pellets to preserve humidity, and their cryptic behavior can keep them from being discovered for years.

Dry Wood Termites

Usually of pale brown color or can vary between dark brown and light brown. They occur in colonies, which occur inside the woods, therefore, making no contact with the soil. The biggest colony may consist of around 4800 termites as it has been reported as the biggest colony yet.

Soil-applied liquid termiticides

Conventional liquid treatments applied to the soil form a continuous chemical barrier in the soil around both sides of the foundation. For houses with crawlspaces, the soil around the piers that will support the floor system is also treated.

Soil-applied liquid termiticides

This barrier should prevent foraging termites from reaching the foundation and piers and, ultimately, the wood in your house

Borate

is one of the most popular termite repellents. You can spray this on wood prior to priming and painting. It soaks into the wood and essentially prevents termites from attacking and nibbling on it.

Stainless steel mesh

(apperture of 0.66 x 0.45 mm) are usually installed around pipes, for slabs, masonry and any other areas which can be infected by termites. Unfortunately, the majority of houses always have contact with moisture. As far as soil and moisture are “best friends” of termites, these conditions attract them.

Sand Barriers

Tests have shown that a layer of sand with uniform size particles (roughly 16-grit) placed along the foundation (to a depth of at least 4 inches and trailing outward about 20") can deter movement through the soil. These particles are too large for termites to move with their mandibles ("teeth"), yet they are too small for the termites to crawl in between them or to build stable tunnels. Research in this area suggests that termites may on occasion breach these barriers and so routine inspection is still critical

Thermal insulation

to prevent the transmission of heat, typically between the inside and outside of a building

Acoustic insulation

to prevent the transmission of sound

Fire insulation

to prevent the passage of fire between spaces or components

Electrical insulation

to contain and separate electrical conductors.

Blanket and Batt Insulation

By far the most common type of insulation consists of a "blanket" of rolls or batts of insulation used to fill the cavities between framing members in walls, ceilings, and floors

Blanket and Batt Insulation

consist of flexible fibers woven together in strips of varying widths and thicknesses for different applications

R-value

is a measure of thermal resistance; the higher it is, the more thermally resistant the material or structure is

batt insulation

most commonly uses fiberglass fibers, but it can also be made using mineral fibers, plastic fibers, or natural fibers such as wool or cotton

Batt insulation

is one of the most inexpensive forms of insulation, and one of the easiest to install.

ROCKWOOL

insulation is a rock-based mineral fiber insulation comprised of Basalt rock and Recycled Slag.

Basalt

is a volcanic rock (abundant in the earth), and slag is a by product of the steel industry. The minerals are melted and spun into fibers

Polystyrene or polyurethane foam boards

provide superior insulating R-values for relatively little thickness. They can be used for nearly any part of a building and are especially effective for insulating exterior wall sheathing, interior sheathing for basement walls, and in special applications such as attic hatches or air gaps where floor joists meet foundations. They offer a good way to insulate the spaces between roof rafters in unvented attics.

Foam board

provides excellent thermal resistance, as much as twice that for other materials of the same thickness. They can easily be trimmed to size for various applications.

Liquid foam

may allow you to achieve higher R-values than with traditional batt insulation, and it has the advantage of being able to fill the smallest holes to reduce air gaps around pipes, door and window frames, and plumbing and electrical lines.

Spray foam

is available in many forms. It can be applied professionally to large areas by contractors using specialized machines or applied to small air gaps using simple spray cans available at home improvement centers.

Liquid Foam Insulation

consists of cementitious or polyurethane materials that are sprayed, injected, or poured into walls or under floors, where it then hardens into an excellent insulating material. It is ideal for irregularly shaped areas and around obstructions, or it can be used to add insulation over existing finished areas. It is a good option for insulating existing walls, as it can be injected into them without removing the wall surfaces.

Loose-fill and blown-in insulation

usually consisting of cellulose, fiberglass, or mineral wool, can be blown or poured into the joist cavities on attic floors or in the joist cavities of walls.

concrete block

can be insulated by applying rigid foam board to either the outside of the walls (on new construction) or the interior walls (on existing homes)

Reflective Insulation

works by actually reflecting back radiant heat.

Reflective Insulation

These insulations incorporate a radiant material applied to a layer of traditional insulation that also has some form of backing—kraft paper, plastic film, or cardboard. It is most commonly used in attics to reduce summer heat gain and to lower cooling costs.

Reflective Insulation

It is one of the best types of insulation for preventing downward heat flow.

Reflective Insulation

forms a radiant barrier that lessens heat transfer from roofs down into an attic space. It must face an air space in order to be effective. They are most effective in hot climates, where they can lower cooling costs by 5 to 10 percent. However, in cooler climates, traditional thermal insulation is a better choice.

Rigid Fiber Board Insulation

made from either fiberglass or mineral wool is normally used in places that will be affected by high temperatures such as the ductwork for HVAC systems. One of the advantages of this type of insulation is that it can be preinstalled on ductwork at shops or custom-fabricated at the job sites. The panels come in a range of thicknesses, from 1 to 2.5 inches. Both faced and unfaced boards are available.

Insulating Concrete Forms (ICFs)

prefabricated forms for poured concrete walls that remain as part of the wall assembly. The system consists of foam boards or interlocking foam insulation blocks joined together with plastic ties. When concrete is poured into the foams, the resulting walls achieve an insulating value of about R-20.

Insulating Concrete Forms (ICFs)

can be used for foundation construction alone in buildings with basements, or they can form the above-ground walls as well. Structures built from ICFs still resemble traditional framed structures.

Insulating Concrete Forms (ICFs)

is a highly specialized skill that requires an experienced contractor. Especially critical is making sure the walls are insect- and waterproof.