HIST 1301 Module 5 Review

Missouri Controversy

Debate in 1819-1820 over whether Missouri would enter the Union as a slave or free state.

Missouri Compromise 1820

agreement admitting Missouri as a slave state, Maine as a free state, and banning slavery north of 36°30'.

South Carolina Nullification Crisis

Conflict in the early 1830s when South Carolina claimed it could nullify federal tariffs.

Force Bill

Legislation giving President Andrew Jackson authority to use military force during the nullification crisis.

Early Anti-Slavery Movement

The 18th-century movement calling for gradual abolition and colonization.

Radical Abolitionism 1830s

movement demanding the immediate end of slavery nationwide.

American Anti-Slavery Society

Major abolitionist organization founded in 1833 led by William Lloyd Garrison.

Texas Revolution

Conflict (1835-1836) in which Texas fought for independence from Mexico.

Battle of the Alamo 1836

siege where Texan defenders were killed by Mexican forces; became a rallying cry.

Battle of San Jacinto 1836

battle where Texans defeated Mexico and secured independence.

Mexican-American War (1846-1848)

War between the U.S. and Mexico over territorial expansion.

Manifest Destiny

coined by John L O'Sulivan Belief that the U.S. was destined to expand across North America.

Presidential Election of 1844

Election centered on westward expansion, especially Texas annexation.

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo 1848

treaty ending the war and ceding large territories to the U.S.

Fugitive Slave Act 1850

law requiring citizens to help capture escaped enslaved people.

Underground Railroad

Network that helped enslaved people escape to the North or Canada.

Wilmot Proviso

Proposed ban on slavery in lands gained from Mexico (never passed).

Calhoun's Senate Resolutions

Resolutions defending slavery as a constitutional right in all territories.

Compromise of 1850

Set of laws admitting California as free, strengthening the Fugitive Slave Act, and settling territorial disputes.

Uncle Tom's Cabin

1852 anti-slavery novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe that fueled northern opposition to slavery.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

1854 law allowing popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska, repealing the Missouri Compromise.

Republican Party

Political party formed in the 1850s opposing the expansion of slavery.

"Bleeding Kansas"

Violent clashes between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers in Kansas.

Brooks-Sumner Affair

1856 attack in Congress where Preston Brooks beat Charles Sumner with a cane.

Dred Scott Decision

1857 Supreme Court ruling declaring enslaved people not citizens and Congress unable to ban slavery in territories.

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

1858 Illinois debates over slavery expansion between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas.

Raid on Harper's Ferry

1859 raid led by John Brown attempting to spark a slave rebellion.

Presidential Election of 1860

Election where Abraham Lincoln won, leading to Southern secession.

Crittenden Compromise

Attempt in 1860-61 to prevent secession by extending the Missouri Compromise line.

First Wave of Secession

Southern states that seceded after Lincoln's 1860 election.

Henry Clay

"Great Compromiser"; key figure in Missouri Compromise and Compromise of 1850.

James Tallmadge

Proposed the Tallmadge Amendment limiting slavery in Missouri.

John C. Calhoun

Southern senator supporting states' rights and nullification; defender of slavery.

Andrew Jackson

U.S. president who opposed nullification and issued the Force Bill.

Wendell Phillips

Abolitionist orator and leader in the American Anti-Slavery Society.

William Lloyd Garrison

Radical abolitionist, editor of The Liberator, founder of AASS.

Frederick Douglass

Former enslaved man, abolitionist speaker, and author.

Sam Houston

Leader of Texas Revolution and first president of the Republic of Texas.

Antonio López de Santa Anna

Mexican general and president during the Texas Revolution.

Stephen F. Austin

Leader of American settlement in Texas; known as the "Father of Texas."

James K. Polk

Expansionist president who oversaw the Mexican-American War.

Zachary Taylor

U.S. general in the Mexican-American War; later president.

Winfield Scott

U.S. general who captured Mexico City in 1847.

David Wilmot

Congressman who proposed the Wilmot Proviso.

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Author of Uncle Tom's Cabin, influential abolitionist work.

Stephen A. Douglas

Politician behind the Kansas-Nebraska Act; debated Lincoln.

John Brown

Radical abolitionist who led the Harper's Ferry raid.

Preston Brooks

Southern congressman who attacked Charles Sumner with a cane.

Charles Sumner

Anti-slavery senator beaten by Brooks after an anti-slavery speech.

Dred Scott

Enslaved man whose Supreme Court case ruled against his freedom.

Roger B. Taney

Chief Justice who authored the Dred Scott decision.

Abraham Lincoln

Republican president elected in 1860; his election triggered secession.

John J. Crittenden

Senator who attempted a last-minute compromise to avoid Civil War.