Surveying, Geodesy, and Land Law Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering geodetic concepts, survey symbols, land laws (Philippines), mining terminology, and civil obligations based on the lecture transcript.

Geodesy

The science of measuring the earth.

Surveying

The science of identifying and measuring specific locations on the earth.

Ellipsoid

A mathematical model of the size and shape of the earth.

Geoid

A theoretical surface generally defined as mean sea level, used as the basis for a vertical datum and as a reference for a horizontal datum.

Horizontal Datum

A spheroid used as an $(X, Y)$ reference to all points on the real globe.

Vertical Datum

The level surface to which heights (elevation) are referenced.

WGS84

Worldwide ellipsoid and datum created from satellite observations.

Luzon Datum of 1911

The national horizontal datum for the Philippines.

PRS92

The updated Luzon Datum of 1911 (Philippine Reference System of 1992).

Projection

A two-dimensional reference surface used to convert locations from a curved surface to a flat surface.

Scale Factor

A number that is multiplied to northing and easting values to be placed on a two-dimensional map.

Easting

The $X$ coordinates of a coordinate system used on a map.

Northing

The $Y$ coordinates of a coordinate system used on a map.

Foreshore land

Part of the shore which is alternately covered and uncovered by the ebb and flow of the tide.

Salvage Zone

An easement of lands bordering the seas, gulfs, bays, or ports measured landward from the interior limit of the shoreline.

Easement of Coast Police

The obligation to leave a Right-of-Way $6\,meters$ wide within the Salvage Zone.

Buffer Zone

A strip of land with natural or established vegetation providing an added layer of protection to natural forests, usually between $50$ to $100\,meters$ from the shoreline.

Arroyo

A narrow natural bed or channel through which water flows continuously or intermittently throughout the year.

Estero

Any bed or channel through which stagnant, dirty, or salt water flows under the influence of the tides.

Creek

A stream of water longer than a brook that empties into the rivers.

River

Any wide natural bed or channel through which water flows continuously or intermittently throughout the year.

Personal error

Errors due to the limitations of human senses of sight or touch.

Parallax

The displacement of the image of objects with respect to other objects due to difference in their respective distances from the observer.

Most probable value

A mathematical term for the adjusted value which, according to the principle of least squares, has more chances of being correct than any other.

Complex subdivision

A subdivision of a registered land where a certain percentage of the land area is allocated for street, passageway, or open spaces.

Topographic map

A map showing by conventional symbols the culture, drainage, relief, and vegetation features of parts of the earth's surface.

Compass rule

An assumption in balancing a survey that the effects of error in angular measurements are equal to the effects of error in chaining.

Transit rule

An assumption in balancing a survey that angular measurements are more precise than those of chaining.

Adit

A horizontal or nearly horizontal passage driven from the surface for working or dewatering a mine.

Stope

An underground room or working area from which ore is removed.

Strike

The horizontal course, bearing, or azimuth of an inclined bed, stratum, or vein.

Dip

The angle at which a bed, stratum, or vein is inclined from the horizontal.

Obligation

A juridical necessity to give, to do, or not to do.

Quasi-contract

Juridical relations arising from lawful, voluntary, and unilateral acts based on the principle that no one shall be unjustly enriched at the expense of another.

Torrens System

A system of land registration where rights acquired by the registrant are guaranteed by the government.

Fee simple Title

Absolute title; an absolute estate in perpetuity.

Geodetic Control Surveys

Surveys covering extensive areas taking into account the earth's curvature for establishing a basic network of reference points (first and second order).

Project Control Surveys

Surveys conducted to establish reference points for projects with limited geographic coverage (primary, secondary, and tertiary control).

Mineral Production Sharing Agreement (MPSA)

An agreement where the Government grants the contractor the exclusive right to conduct mining operations and shares in the production.

Financial or Technical Assistance Agreements (FTAA)

A mining contract for large-scale exploration, development, and utilization of minerals allowing up to $100\%$ foreign equity participation.

First Order Geodetic Control Accuracy

Relative error of $1/100,000$ with a vertical accuracy of $4.80\,mm \times \sqrt{D}$ (where $D$ is distance).

Primary Control Accuracy

Relative error of $1/20,000$ and linear error of $5\,cm\,per\,km$.

Secondary Control Accuracy

Relative error of $1/10,000$ and linear error of $10\,cm\,per\,km$.

Tertiary Control Accuracy

Relative error of $1/5,000$ and linear error of $20\,cm\,per\,km$.