Classification of Living Beings and Evolution

Detailed fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering the five-kingdom classification system, plant divisions, animal phyla, and the relationship between classification and evolution.

Robert Harding Whittaker classified living organisms into __________ kingdoms.

$$5$$

Organisms belonging to kingdom Monera possess __________ cells.

prokaryotic

Kingdom __________ consists of saprotrophic organisms that have a cell wall but no chlorophyll.

Fungi

The cell wall of plants in kingdom Plantae is composed of __________.

cellulose

Plants whose body cannot be differentiated into root, stem, and leaf are called a __________.

thallus

Division __________ includes plants that are known as amphibian plants because they require water for fertilization.

Bryophyta

The phenomenon in which sporophytic and gametophytic generations come one after another to complete a life cycle is called __________ of __________.

alternation of generation

Division Tracheophyta is characterized by the presence of vascular tissues called __________ and __________.

xylem and phloem

In subdivision Pteridophyta, the numerous brown spots on the lower surface of leaves that produce spores are called __________.

sori

Subdivision __________ represents the first plants to produce seeds, which are naked and borne in cones.

Gymnosperm

Plants in subdivision Angiosperm have seeds enclosed within __________.

fruit

Monocotyledonous plants are characterized by __________ venation and a fibrous root system.

parallel

Dicotyledonous plants have seeds consisting of __________ cotyledons and a taproot system.

$$2$$

In phylum Porifera, water enters the body through small pores called __________ and exits through a larger pore called the __________.

ostia and osculum

Phylum Coelenterata contains stinging cells called __________ which help to capture prey.

nematocysts

Platyhelminthes are known as triploblastic animals because their body develops from __________ germ layers.

$$3$$

Phylum __________ includes animals with elongated, cylindrical bodies that are metamerically segmented.

Annelida

The largest phylum in the animal kingdom, characterized by jointed legs and a chitinous exoskeleton, is __________.

Arthropoda

Molluscs have a muscular foot for locomotion and a body often covered by a shell made of __________.

calcium

Animals in phylum Echinodermata move with the help of __________.

tube feet

Phylum __________ consists of animals that have a notochord at some stage of their life.

Chordata

In sub-phylum Vertebrata, the __________ is replaced by a vertebral column or backbone.

notochord

Class Pisces includes animals that are __________ (cold-blooded) and possess a $2$-chambered heart.

poikilothermic

The young ones of amphibians, called __________, respire through gills, while adults typically respire through lungs and moist skin.

tadpoles

The only reptile mentioned as having a $4$-chambered heart is the __________.

crocodile

Class Aves is characterized by the presence of hollow __________ bones which make the body light for flight.

pneumatic

Class Mammalia consists of __________ animals, meaning they directly give birth to young ones.

viviparous

The evolution of heart chambers from $2$ in fish to $4$ in mammals indicates that __________ animals developed from less developed ancestors.

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