meow chem/ochem/physics

amino acids pka values: carboxyl n amino group

carboxyl: 2.5

amino: 9.5

what happens to the buffering region of the titration curve of ionizable amino acids?

• NORMAL: 2 pka (buffering regions)

• ionizable amino acids: 3 pka

• HER DYCK

what does pka refer to

half of desired group are protonated

2 things that can disrupt tertiary structure of protein

temperature

urea concentration (interferes w hydrogen bonding, exposes hydrophobic groups, causes denaturation)

hydrostatic pressure

HIGH to LOW pressure

interstitial fluid to blood

osmotic pressure

LOW to HIGH pressure

blood to interstitial fluid

temperature, quantity of molecules, and kinetic energy KE of an ideal gas

TEMP n KE = directly proportional

TEMP n QUANTITY of molecules = inversely proportional

amide vs. imine vs. imide (all involve Nitrogen)

Amide: derived from COOH

Imine: formed from aldehydes or ketones

Imide: derivative of dicarboxylic acids

https://imgur.com/a/amines-amides-imines-imides-6XTL6

large area + delocalization of electrons via conjugated double bonds leads to what?

MORE stability when MORE Pi bonds, large system, and greater delocalization

thermodynamic vs kinetic product properties (stability, activation energy Ea, energy level)

compared to kinetic, thermodynamic is:

• MORE stable

• HIGHER Ea

• LOWER energy

current n charge equation

I = Q/T or current = charge/time