EGGS TO IDENTIFY SLAY

FOR EXAMS SLAPS - Include all

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Moniezia spp. - cestode, Ru

• Small ru: M. expansa

• Large Ru: M. benedeni

M, 3-4-5 angulate, 3 thick shells, embryonated (oncosphere), transparent/grey + pyriform apparatus.

• Location: Small intestine

Eimeria spp. - mammals (ru, su, poultry, rabbit), except dogs. (Protozoa)

• Small

• oval

• 2 thin shells

• unsporulated or sporulated in fresh feces

• Oocyst with 4 sporocysts and 2 sporozoites each.

• Colorless

Location: Mocous of SI

name in different species.

• ru, eq, su, ca, poultry, rabbit/hares

Trichostrongylidae - family of nematodes

• domestic + wild Ruminants: Trichostrongylidae

  • GIT of Ru. (many blastomeres)

  • Haemonchus contorus, Ostertagia spp. Trichostrongylus spp. Cooperia spp. Oestophagostomum

  • SI, abomasum

• Eq: Strongylus spp. (few blastomeres)

  • T. axei and strongylus (cannot recognize).

  • Small intestine

• Su: Oesophagostomum spp. (many blastomeres)

  • O. dentatum (su) - Large intestine

• Ca: Ancylostoma caninum (4-8 blastomeres)

  • SI

• Poultry: Trichostrongylidae - T. tenuis, amidostomum anseris. (many blastomeres)

  • SI, gizzard, and proventriculus

  • (a. anseris is L and is elliptical)

• rabbits/hares: trichostrongylidae - T. retortaeformis, T. colubriformis, Graphidium, strigosum.

  • SI

M, oval, symmetric, 2 thin shells, unembryonated, gray

Nematoda

2 different ones…

Nematodirus spp. - nematodes

• XL, oval, symmetric, 2 thin shells, unembryonated (8 dark blastomeres), gray

• Location: SI

2nd one: Marshallagia Marshalli - nematodes

• XL, oval, symmetrical, 2 thin shells, unembryonated but with 8 dark blastomeres, gray (generally much larger than nematodirus)

• location: Abomasum

Both found in small ru, but cattle have some strains.

(found by both sedimentation and flotation method)

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Strongyloides spp. - roundworms (nematode)

Incl. S. papillosus (ru). S. equineus (horse, Large in size).

• S, oval, symmetric, 2 thin shells, embryonated (L1), transparent/gray

• Location: SI

• Animal: Dog, cat, humans (stercoralis)

Fasciola hepatica

• liver fluke, infects livestock, causing fascioliasis

• Description: L, oval, symmetrical, 2 thin shells, unembryonated, yellow/green ish With operculum

• Location: Bile duct, liver

Trematoda - affect RU, su, eq, car, humans

in ruminants

Paramphistomum cervi (Similar to F. hepatica but color differs)

• L, oval, symmetric, 2 thin shells, operculated, unembryonated, colorless.

• Location: Rumen

In ruminants. Trematoda.

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Dicrocoelium dendriticum

• liver fluke, affecting primarily livestock (ru, esp. sheep)

• Description: S, oval, asymmetric, 2 thin shells, embryoanated - miracidium, brown - coffee bean with eyes. With operculum.

• Location: bile duct, gall bladder, liver, pancreatic duct

Trematoda

? in pigs, ruminants

Metastrongylus spp. - nematodes, infecting lungs of pigs, wild game (Lung worm)

• S (40-60um), oval, 3 thick shells, embryonated (L1), transparent to light grey, wavy on surface.

Found by larvoscopy or flotation. Incl. Metastrongylus pudendotectus, M. apri, M. salmi.

Fam. Dictyocaulidae.

Incl.

• Dictyocaulus filaria in picture. - small ru, wild ru.

• Dictyocaulus viviparus - cattle, cervids, bovids.

• D. arnfieldi - donkey, horse

Description: Tail is straight, bluntly pointed, at the anterior end, button shape structure (protopasmic knob), intense granulation.

The last picture: female, D. arnfieldi (fixed preparation)

(by larvoscopy)

This is?

Protostrongylus rufescens. (fam. protostrongylidae)

pointed tail, without spines or undulations (sharp point), transparent body.

In sheep, goat, mouflon, ibex

the one on left - stained with lugol`s solution.

Muellerius capillaris. (fam. protostrongylidae)

Coiled caudal end with dorsal spine, transparent body.

In small ru, wild ru (mouflon, ibex, chamois)

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Cystocaulus ocreatus. (fam. protostrongylidae)

Wawy (curved) tail with 3 spines. The body is not transparent (granular intestine).

In small ru, mouflon.

? found in dogs/foxes/cat

picture 1

picture 2

Fam. Angiostrongylidae - Angiostrongylus vasorum (in dogs, foxes)

• Also include: Aelurostrongylus abstrusus. (cat).

Adults are small, red and white nematodes that inhabit the pulmonary arteries and right heart. They have a distinctive kinked tail with a dorsal spine (first-stage larvae).

• adults: cuticular knob end at head, while tail is bluntly pointed with dorsal and ventral indentation.

picture 1: adult male - head on left, tail on right

picture 2: Adult female - head on left, tail on right

By larvoscopic examination of feces (baerman method), serological examination.

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Syphacia obvelata - Nematode, rodents

• M, elliptical, asymmetrical - roll shaped, 2 thin shells, unembryonated, transparent/light grey

• location: LI

By flotation (Breza)

in rodents

Aspiculuris tetraptera - parasitic roundworm, often found in intestines of lab mice (Rodents)

• M, elliptical, symmetrical, 2 thin shells, unembryonated, light gray/transparent

• location: Large intestine

by flotation

Hymenolepis spp. - cestode

• oval/spherical, S (30-50 um), colorless shell/grey/brown, embryonated, 3 thick shells

• location: small intestine

can be in humans, rodents (mice, rats)

• Brown color - H. diminuta (rat)

• Transparent/light gray - H. nana (mouse, hamster, human)

Syngamus trachea “gapeworm” - primarily affects birds, causing resp. issues

• M, ellipsoidal shape/oval asymmetrical shape, 2 thick shells with lids at both poles, unembryonated - 8-16 blastomeres, pale brown/greyish.

• location: Trachea, bronchi

by flotation.

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Passalurus ambiguus - pinworm found in rabbits/hares, linked with intestinal infections.

• M/L, oval/elongated, asymmetrical, mucoid plug at one pole, 2 thin shells, unembryonated, light grey

?

in horse

Oxyuris equi - equine pinworm, infests large intestine of horse

• Description: M, elliptical, 2? thick shell, unembryonated, light brown/dark/transparent, unipolar plug

• Location: Large intestine

nematoda

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Toxascaris leonina - roundworm, infects dogs/cats

• description: M, spherical, 3 thick shells, unembryonated (1 light blastomere), light brown/pinkish/colorless

• Location: SI (EHP migration)

Nematoda

? In dogs

Toxocara canis - roundworm in dogs

• Description: M, subspherical, 3 thick shells, unembryonated (1 dark blastomere), dark brown

• Location: SI (EHP migration)

Nematoda

found in dogs

cryptoisospora spp. - in dogs, SI/LI (protozoa)

• Small, oval, 2 thin shells, unsporulated/sporulated - 2 sporocysts with 4 sporozoites each, transparent

by flotation (Kozak-magrovej)

Found in carnivores

Giardia spp. - dogs, cats. (G. duodenalis, G. canis)

• Trophozoite - flagellated, motile, pear-shaped stage, bilaterally symmetrical, convex dorsal side, concave ventral side with a large ventral suction disc, two nuclei, two medial axostyles, eight flagella, a pair of medial bodies, lacks mitochondria/golgi apparatus.

• Cysts - oval shape, 4 nuclei, fragments of medial bodies, decomposed suction disc, opalescent green color. (infectious stage).

• In SI (esp. duodenum, jejunum)

Flotation (faust solution)

?

sarcocystis spp. - dogs/cats (DH)

MH: herbivores, omnivores, rodents, birds

DH: sporulated oocyst (2 sporocysts, 4 sporozoites), small, broadly oval shape, 2 thin shells, transparent/light gray. - picture is of sporulated oocysts in DH feces.

MH: muscle cysts (sarcocysts)

Location: SI

coccidia

? in cattle

Toxocara vitullorum - roundworm, in cattle

• M, Spherical, 3 thick shells (rough surface), unembryonated (1 cell), dark brown

• location: SI (calf)

Nematoda

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Trichuris spp. - genus of roundworms, including whipworms parasitic in the intestines of many animals

• M, lemon-shape, symmetrical, 2 thick shells, unembryonated, red-brown, 2 prominent pole plugs

• location: Large intestine

Nematoda (T. suis (pig), T. vulpis/canis (dog), T. campanula (cat), T. ovis (cattle, sheep, goat, ru), T. trichiura (humans), T. leporis (rabbit/hare).

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Capillaria spp. - genus of nematodes that infect urinary system of mammals

Species: mammals, poultry, water poultry.

• M, barrel-shaped, asymmetrical, 2 thin shells, unembryonated, light brown/yellow-green, 2 flat polar plugs

• Location (depends on species):

  • Aerophilia: resp. system

  • Plica: bladder

  • Hepatica: liver

• poultry → SI, cecum, crop, esophagus

?

Taenia spp. - genus of tapeworms (cestoda)

• S, rounded, 3 thick shells, embryonated, light-brown-gray

• Location: SI

?

Dipylidium caninum - tapeworm, infests dogs/cats

• “egg packets” inside proglottids, usually containing clusters of eggs

• spherical, thin shelled, contains an oncosphere (hexacanth larvae) with six hooklets, brown.

in horse

Parascaris equorum - roundworm

• M, spherical, 3 thick shells, unembryonated (1 blastomere), dark brown

• location: SI (EHP migration)

Nematoda - horse

Cystoisosporis suis. - By flotation method, su.

Small, Oval, 2 thin shells, Unsporulated or sporulated in fresh feces, Oocyst with 2 sporocysts and 4 sporozoits each, Colorless

• Location: Villi SI

? in pigs

Ascaris suum - roundworm (nematoda) - pigs

• M, spherical, 3 thick shells (rough surface), unembryonated (1 cell), brown

• Location: SI

?

Anoplocephala spp. - tapeworm genus (cestoda)

• M, 3-4-5 angulate/D-shaped, 3 thick shells, embryonated (oncosphere), transparent-grey/light brown + pyriform apparatus

• Location: Perfoliata - iliocecal junction, magna & mamillana - SI

of horse.

? in poultry

Heterakis gallinae - in Poultry

• large intestine

• M, oval, 3 thick shells, unembryonated, light grey

by flotation

Raillietina spp. - very similar to davainea proglottina.

• In chicken, turkey, fowls

• Location: SI

• S, oval/elliptical shape, 3 thick shells, embryonated-oncosphere, light grey/colorless

in poultry

Choanotaenia infundibulum. In poultry.

• location: SI

• small, round shape, slightly flattened, 3 thick shells, embryonated - oncosphere, colorless/grayish/yellowish.

flotation.

? in poultry

Ascarida spp. - can be difficult to distinguish from heterakis spp.

• In poultry, SI

• M, oval, 3 thick shells, unembryoanted, light grey/dark

in rodents..

Syphacia spp. - Rodents

• L/M, ellipsoidal, asymmetrical, 2 thin shells, unembryonated, light grey/transparent

• location: Large intestine

in rats/rodents

Heterakis spumosa - In mice/rat. (Rodents)

• M, oval, 3 thick shells, unembryonated, light grey

• Location: Large intestine