English Honors Final, Ms. Murphy

alliteration

the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.

allusion

an expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference.

analogy

a comparison between two things, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification.

ballad

a poem or song narrating a story in short stanzas. Traditional ballads are typically of unknown authorship, having been passed on orally from one generation to the next

blank verse

-unrhymed iambic pentameter

-Element of drama

-Line of verse consisting of 5 metrical feet in unstressed/stressed pattern

■ Facilitates memorization

■ Mimics human speech

■ Sounds like heartbeat

characterization

-the process by which the writer reveals the personality of a character

comedy

-follows hero’s rise rather than their fall

-Has a happy ending but isn’t necessarily funny

-farce- outlandish and exaggerated comedy

-Taming of the Shrew, Waiting for Godot

conflict

-between hero and person/force (antagonist)

-contributes to hero’s downfall

-resolved when tragic hero meets their doom with courage and dignity →grandeur (splendor or impressiveness) of the human spir

couplet

two lines of verse, usually in the same meter and joined by rhyme, that form a unit.

denouement

-the final part of a play, movie, or narrative in which the strands of the plot are drawn together and matters are explained or resolved.

-the climax of a chain of events, usually when something is decided or made clear

diction

the choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing.

drama

form of storytelling where characters, often through dialogue and action, engage in conflicts and explore emotions, typically intended for performance on stage

dramatic irony

what appears to be true to a character is known to be false by the

audience

epithet

a descriptive word or phrase used to characterize a person, place, or thing

fable

a short story that uses animals, inanimate objects, or forces of nature as characters to illustrate a moral lesson

falling action

-Act (lV)

-the part of a narrative that occurs after the climax, leading towards the resolution or conclusion, conflict lessens as characters dealwith consequences of their decisions

free verse

poetry that does not rhyme or have a regular meter

metaphor

-does not use like or as

-figure of speech that compares two different things by stating that one is the other, highlighting similarities for emphasis or symbolism

simile

-a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, used to make a description more emphatic or vivid

-use like or as

situational irony

occurs when an event happens that is the opposite of what is expected or intended, often creating a sense of humor or tragedy

symbolism

A thing that represents or stands for something else, especially a material object representing something abstract.

verbal irony

-sarcasm is an example

-a figure of speech where the speaker says one thing but means the opposite

farce

a comic dramatic work using buffoonery and horseplay and typically including crude characterization and ludicrously improbable situations

motif

A recurring theme, subject or idea

Pun

joke exploiting the different possible meanings of a word or the fact that there are words which sound alike but have different meanings.

Denouement/Resolution

-Act V

-the part of a story's plot where the main conflict is resolved or solved

conclusion; events of story wrap up

rising action

-Act 2

-the section of a story where the plot thickens, tension increases, and the main conflict develops

Satire

Satire is a literary genre that uses humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices

stereotype

a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing

tone

The author’s attitude or persona towards a subject or topic conveyed through language and style

What is Romanticism? What was it a reaction to? What was Romanticism attempting to escape from?

Artistic, literary, & intellectual movement that started in Europe in the late 1700s

- Peak: 1800-1850

-reaction to: Industrial Revolution/political norms and rationalization of nature

-escape from reality (inspiration in medieval books), urban sprawl, and industrialism

What was the Enlightenment characterized by?

-reason and individualism rather than tradition

-knowledge=freedom=happiness

-died out because of romantic movement

What are the characteristics and motifs of Gothic literature?

- Apprehension/impending doom

-fallen man, fallen world

-alone working through issues

-orphans

-night or tight environment

-ascending or descending

-secret passages

-pursuit of maiden with threat of kidnap and rape

-physical decay

-revenge

-family curses

-blood and gore

-doppelgängers

-demonic

-black magic

-Madness

-sexual taboos broken

What is a Byronic hero?

Arrogant, intelligent, educated outcast who somehow balances his cynicism and self-destructive tendencies with a mysterious magnetism and attraction

-intelligent

-cunning

-ruthless

-arrogant

-violent

-depressive

-self-aware

-emotionally and intellectually tortured

Describe each of the characters in Rebecca.

Mrs. de Winter: desperate, doesn’t fit in Manderley, young, insecure

Maxim de Winter: withdrawn, secretive, burdened by Rebecca

Mrs. Danvers: devoted to Rebecca, sinister oppressive atmosphere

Rebecca: pervasive influence, manipulative, charismatic, Manderley impactor

Beatrice Lacy: witty chatty woman with a fondness for the new Mrs. de Winter, sees good in new Mrs. de Winter

Giles Lacy: cheats with Rebecca, drawn to her

Mrs. Van Hopper: American woman who hires narrator, gossipy

Jack Favell: incestful in love cousin of Rebecca, pursues Maxim as murderer, alcoholic

Frank Crawley: estate manager, loyal and trustworthy for Maxim and narrator

Ben: mentally retarded man who works estate, knows Rebecca was murderer

Dr. Baker: gynecologist involved in Rebecca’s death

Colonel Julyan: investigator for Rebecca’s death

Where is the narrator at the start of Rebecca?

In the start of Rebecca the narrator is in Monte Carlo in Europe

How would you describe Manderley? Where is Manderley located?

Grand, large, beautiful, and yet haunted by Rebecca in every way. It was located in Corwnwall coastline in England

Who is the narrator of Rebecca? How would you describe the narrator?

-Mrs. de Winter

-shy, self conscious

-unreliable narrator

How old is the narrator? How old is Maxim?

-narrator-early 20s

-Maxim-42

What is the narrator’s job at the beginning of the story

travel companion to Mrs. Van Hopper

How does the narrator feel about Mrs. Van Hopper?

-snobby

-manipulative

-spider

-fat

What deal does Rebecca make with Maxim in the beginning of their marriage?

-promising to be a perfect hostess and mistress of Manderley in exchange for freedom to live her life as she pleases, including having affairs

-family name and rep, maxim agrees

How would you describe Mrs. Danvers?

-dead looking

-chilling

-head housekeeper

-devoted to Rebecca

-pathetic yet frightening

What is the name of Rebecca’s boat? What does it mean in English?

Je Reviens or I Will Return

How do most people believe Rebecca died?

Most people believe Rebecca drowned in the lake because the boat capsized in rough weather and her body was supposedly found at sea and identified by Maxim

When they pull Rebecca’s boat out of the water, what do they find inside the cabin?

a body identified as Rebecca’s

What does Rebecca tell Maxim on the night she dies?

She is pregnant (not true, she had cancer)

What does Dr. Baker reveal about Rebecca?

Infertile with cancer

What happens to Manderley at the end of the novel?

It is burned down

What is the goal of an argument?

A point of view on a subject that is supported with evidence

To support a point of view

What is a claim?

States the main idea of the argument

-position author is taking/how they feel

What are the three parts of every rhetorical situation?

-Exigence: the motivating event that prompts writing about the topic (demand)

-the audience (who speaker is addressing, how much they know, who will agree)

-speaker (presenting, who, qualifications, interests, biases, why should I listen)

What is ethos?

Trust/repuation

-credibility of speaker

-shared values emphasized

What is logos?

Appeals to logic and reason

What is pathos?

Appeals to audience emotions

What does it mean to concede an argument?

-persuasive technique where author recognizes the merit of the counter, but still believes his point is better and restates it

What is a counterclaim

Main objection to or concern some people might have to the claim

-mark of good academic argument if this is acknowledged

What do you call the person or organization presenting an argument?

The speaker

What is the effect of using more than one appeal in an argument?

makes the argument stronger, appeals to different aspects of audience thinking

Be able to identify examples of ethos, pathos, and logos in ads.

reputation/ethics/facts=ethos

Cute or sad=pathos

Logical, makes sense=logos

What is oral tradition?

originally sung or said by a bard, passed down by mouth

What is Freytag’s pyramid?

What is first person point of view?

a story is told from the perspective of a character using "I," "me," "my," etc

What is a second person point of view?

the pronoun "you" to address the reader directly, making them a character in the story

What is a third person point of view?

a story is narrated by someone outside the characters, referring to them with pronouns like "he," "she," or "they"

What is a limited point of view

reports dialogue, setting, and actions of characters, but not thoughts (detached)

What is an omniscient point of view?

knows everything that happens and reveals what each character thinks and feels

What is a limited omniscient point of view?

knows everything that one or only a few characters think and feel

What is foreshadowing?

technique where an author hints at or suggests events that will happen later in the story

What is a foil?

character whose actions contrast with another character in order to highlight certain aspects/traits (Sherlock & Watson, Buzz & Woody - others?)

What is an antagonist?

-The bad guy against the protagonist

-opposes protagonist intentionally or unintentionally

- Their goals run contrary to the protagonist, but they aren’t necessarily bad

What are the four types of conflict in literature? Be able to identify them in examples.

- Man v. man - conflicts among characters

- Man v. society - character conflicts with government,

system, or societal mindset

- Man v. nature - character’s conflict is with weather,

animal, terrain, or other facet of nature

- Man v. self - character’s inner struggle (fear, flaw,

obligation

direct characterization

When the book specifically describes the character

mood

-general feeling or atmosphere of a work

-Set by setting

epiphany

sudden moment of realization or understanding for a character, often triggered by a specific event or experience

point of view

Perspective from which a story is told

Flashback

use of scenes within a story that interrupt the sequence of events to reveal past occurrences

rising action

takes up most of the story; includes major conflicts characters face

frame narrative

- Literary technique that presents a story within a story

- Introductory/main narrative sets the stage for a second

narrative or group of short stories

- Frame story provides important context, key information

subplot

secondary storyline that adds depth to main plot

implied theme

suggested, or stated indirectly, through what happens to the characters

symbol

images, objects, words, or people that represent or evoke another set of feelings beyond their general appearance or significance

in medias res

In the middle of action

Tone

how a work treats a certain topic whether through character action or statement a which shows how they feel about it

indirect characterization

How someone’s actions show their character

universal theme

message about life that is expressed regularly in many different cultures and time periods

irony

literary device in which words are used to express a contradiction between appearance and reality

What word does Mrs. Mallard fixate on in “The Story of an Hour”?

free

How does Mrs. Mallard most likely feel about her marriage in “The Story of an Hour”?

Sulfates and oppressed even though she loves him a bit

What is the main conflict in “The Story of an Hour”?

Man v.s. Self

What topics and themes are explored in “The Story of an Hour”?

Wanting freedom from an oppressive marriage

How you can not hate someone but not love them both

What is the main conflict in “Lather and Nothing Else”?

Man v.s. Self

In “Lather and Nothing Else,” what does Captain Torres mean when he says, “It’s not easy to kill”?

He means that there are emotional burdens that come with murder as he talks to the barber that almost murdered him

What topics and themes are explored in “Lather and Nothing Else”?

-value of life

-duty vs belief

-morality

What is ironic about the title “The Birthday Party”?

The little celebration with an unhappy husband and a cake is not at all like a birthday party

What example of juxtaposition do you see in the imagery of “The Birthday Party”?

The lady is well dressed but sad in a happy hat and

What topics and themes are explored in “The Birthday Party”?

Miscommunication

Marriage issues

social expectations

Rejection

Why are the parents in “The Veldt” so disturbed by the nursery?

Nursery veldt is unnerving and unsettling

Danger and violence in scenery

Children detached

What does David McClean observe about the nursery in “The Veldt”?

Too realistic

deep seated anger and resentment

replacing family and authority

must stop

What does Lydia Hadley mean when she says, “The house is wife…now?”

House takes care of traditional wife roles

Lydia replaced