4.2 Signal Detection Theory and Subliminal Messaging

These flashcards cover key concepts related to signal detection theory, outcomes of decisions made under uncertainty, and the effects and misconceptions about subliminal messaging.

What does signal detection theory primarily address?

Signal detection theory explains how we make decisions under conditions of uncertainty, considering our senses' sensitivity and decision-making processes regarding stimulus presence.

What are the four possible outcomes in signal detection theory?

The outcomes are Hit (correctly identifying a stimulus), Miss (failing to detect a present stimulus), False Alarm (incorrectly identifying a stimulus when there is none), and Correct Rejection (correctly identifying the absence of a stimulus).

What is a 'hit' in signal detection theory?

A hit occurs when a stimulus is present and the observer correctly identifies its presence.

What is a 'miss' in signal detection theory?

A miss occurs when a stimulus is present but the observer fails to identify it.

What is a 'false alarm' in signal detection theory?

A false alarm occurs when a stimulus is not present, but the observer incorrectly identifies its presence.

What is a 'correct rejection' in signal detection theory?

A correct rejection occurs when a stimulus is not present and the observer correctly identifies that it is not present.

Why is signal detection theory significant in real-world applications like medicine?

It helps measure different types of decisions made by healthcare professionals, such as the accuracy of diagnostic decisions and the effectiveness of training methods.

What is a subliminal stimulus?

A subliminal stimulus is a stimulus presented at a level that is too faint or brief to reach conscious awareness.

What was the claim made by a marketing researcher in the 1950s regarding subliminal messaging?

The researcher claimed that subliminal messages inserted into films could manipulate viewers' behavior, increasing popcorn and soft drink sales.

What conclusion has research generally reached regarding subliminal messaging's effects on behavior?

Research shows that while subliminal stimuli can activate brain responses, their ability to manipulate behavior is limited and cannot create new motivational drives.

Can subliminal stimuli make people act against their will according to the lecture?

No, subliminal stimuli cannot control people or compel them to act in ways they are not already inclined to.