Anatomy and Physiology of the Neurological System (NUR235- Exam 2)

What is the CNS composed of?

- brain and spinal cord

- covered with meninges

- subarachnoid space

- neurons

What is the frontal lobe in charge of?

judgement, foresight, voluntary movement, smell

What is Broca's area in charge of?

speech

What is the temporal lobe in charge of?

intellectual and emotional functions, hearing

What is the brainstem in charge of?

swallowing, breathing, heartbeat, wakefulness and involuntary functions

What is the cerebellum in charge of?

coordination, balance, posture and motor learning

What is Wernicke's area in charge of?

speech/ language comprehension

What is the job of the occipital lobe?

primary visual area

What is the parietal lobe in charge of?

comprehension of language

What os the sensory cortex in charge of?

pain, heat and other sensations

What is the job of the medulla oblongata in the brainstem

controls autonomic functions

What is the job of the hypothalamus?

regulates temperature, HR, BP, hunger, thirst, sleep-awake cycles, and emotional activity

What is the basal ganglia in charge of?

regulates movement, procedural learning and habit formation

What is the limbic system in charge of?

emotional responses, memory and arousal

What is included in the limbic system?

hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus

What is the somesthetic cortex (parietal lobe) in charge of?

processes sensory input related to position, sense, touch, pressure, and pain

What are the cranial nerves?

I. Olfactory

II. Optic

III. Oculomotor

IV. Trochlear

V. Trigeminal

VI. Abducens

VII. Facial

VIII. Vestibulocochlear

IX. Glossopharyngeal

X. Vagus

XI. Accessory

XII. Hypoglossal

What are the sensory nerves?

olfactory, optic, vestibulocochlear

What are the motor nerves?

oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, accessory, hypoglossal

What are the sensory & motor nerves?

trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus

What cranial nerve assesses smell?

olfactory

What cranial nerve assesses vision?

optic

Which cranial nerves assess eye movement?

oculomotor, trochlear, abducens

What cranial nerve assesses for facial sensation, biting and chewing?

trigeminal

What cranial nerve assesses for hearing and balance?

vestibulocochlear

What cranial nerve assesses for oral sensation, taste, salivation and gag reflex?

glossopharyngeal

What cranial nerve assesses for innervation of organs in thorax?

vagus

What cranial nerve assesses for shoulder shrug and head turning?

spinal accessory

What cranial nerve assesses for tongue movement?

hypoglossal

What are the spinal nerves?

composed of 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, one coccygeal nerve

What are the two nerve roots?

- sensory (afferent)

- motor (efferent)

dermatone

a specific area of the skin that receives sensory input from a pair of spinal nerves

Sympathetic Nervous System

- fight or flight

- acivated during stress

- arise from T1 to L2 level

Parasympathetic Nervous System

- rest and digest

- restore and maintain normal body functions

- arise in S1 to S4 and crranial nerves III, VI, IX, X

What does the parasympathetic system do?

- constricts pupils

- stimulates saliva

- slows heartbeat

- constricts airways

- stimulates activity of stomach

- inhibits release of glucose

- stimulates gallbladder

- stimulates activity of the intestines

- contracts bladder

What does the sympathetic nervous system do?

- dilates pupils

- inhibits saliva

- increases heartbeat

- relaxes airways

- inhibits activity of stomach

- stimulates glucose release

- inhibits gallbladder and activity of the intestines

- relaxes bladder