ap hg unit 5 vocab

agruculture

The process by which humans alter the land scape in order to raise crops in livestock for consumption and trade.

climate

the long-term weather patterns in a region

subsistence agriculture

to grow enough food or raise enough livestock to meet the immediate needs of the farmer and his or her family.

Commercial Agriculture

to grow enough crops or raise enough livestock to sell for profit exist in all countries but is more common in developed countries.

intensive agriculture

practices are those in which farmers or ranchers use large amount of input such as energy fertilizers, Labor or machines to maximize yeilds.

Extensive agriculture

practices use fewer amounts of the inputs in the typical result in less yields

intensive commercial agriculture

heavy investments in labor and capital are used in this type of agriculture which often result in less yields

intensive subsistence agriculture

this form of agriculture is often labor and animal intensive.

extensive commercial agriculture

this type of farming uses low inputs of resources but has the goal of scaling the product of profit

Capital

is the money invested in land equipment and machines.

extensive subsistent agriculture

few inputs are used in this type of agricultural activity often practiced in areas that have climate extreme such as typical semi arid regions two examples include no medic herding and shifting cultivation

Pastoral namadism

practice in Arid and semiarid climate throughout the world

shifting cultivation

in this type of subsistent extensive farming farmers grow crops on a piece of land for a year or two

Plantation

large farm that specializes in one or two crops

Mixed crop and livestock

an intensive commercial integrated system that demonstrates an interdependence between crops and animals

Grain Farming

in regions too dry for mixed crop agriculture, farmers often raise wheat. Consumed mostly by people. Wheat is produced in the privies and plains.

Commercial Gardening

Typical fruits and vegetables grown in the united states include lettuce, broccoli, apples, organs and tomates. Refereed as truck farming driven to local urban markets and sold.

Market garding

when fruits and vegetables are e near an urban market and sold to local supplies, stores, restaurants.

dairy farming

traditionally daires where are local farms that supplied products to customers in a small geographic area

Milk shed

the geographic distance that milk is delivered

Mediterranean agriculture

practiced in regions with hot dry summers and mild winters narrow valleys and often some irrigation.

transhumance

The seasonal herding of animals from higher elevations in the summer to lower elevations and valleys in the winter.

livestock ranching

is the commercial grazing of animals confined to a specific

clustered nucleated settlement

hey groups of homes located near each other in a village sense at place and often shared of services, such as schools.

Dispersed settlement

patterns in which farmers lived in Home spread throughout the countryside

Linear settlement

in which buildings in human activity or organizaized has close to a body of water or a long a transportation route.

metes and bound system

plot boundaries. used for short distances in often referred to features of specific points. bounce covered larger areas and worm based on larger features such as streams or roads.

public land survey system (Township and range system)

created rectangular plots of consistent size

section

consisted of 640 acres, and it could be divided into smaller lot, such as half sections or quarter sections.

French long-lot system

in which forms were long thin sections of land perpendicular to road or river - creating a linear settlement.

best examples: Québec and Louisiana

First (Neolithic) Agricultural Revolution

The origin of farming marked by the first domestication of plants and animals

animal domestication

hunters in central Asia were probably the first people to domestic cute animals.

plant domestication

the growing of crops probably began after domestication of animals.

Fertile Crescent

The first major Hirth of agriculture in southwest Asia. The area extends from the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea and continues in the arc along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers to the Persian Gulf.

independent innovation

crops in animals were domesticated in multiple regions with seemingly no interaction among the people.

Columbian Exchange

was the global movement of plants and animals between the Afro Eurasia in the global movement of plants and animals between Afto-Eurasia had the Atlantic.

Second Agricultural Revolution

began in the 1700s, used the advantages of the industrial revolution to increase food supplies and support population growth.

Enclosure Acts

a series of laws enacted by the British government that enabled landowners to purchase and enclose land for their own use that had previously been common land used by peasant farmers

Crop rotation

The technique of planting different crops in a specific sequence on the same plot of land in order to restore nutrients back into the soil.

irrigation

The process of applying controlled amounts of water to crops using Kanas pipes sprinkler or other human made devices rather than rely on just rainfall

Third agriculture revolutionThird agriculture revolution

Was born out of the science research and technology and it continues today. expands farming develop new global agriculture system

Green Revolution

The advantages in plant biologically of the mid-20th-century

Hybridization

is the process of breading to plant that have desirable characteristics to produce a single seed with both characteristics.

genetically modified organism (GMO)

a process by which humans use engineering techniques to change the DNA of a seed. They have been developed to increase yields, resist diseases and withstand the chemical used to kill weeds and pests.

townships

A reassix miles long and six miles wide.